Abstract: In the method, an access point AP receives action information separately reported by N stations STAs, where N pieces of action information are used to determine a training result of a first neural network of each STA, and N is a positive integer. The AP determines the training result of the first neural network of each STA based on the N pieces of action information, and sends the training result of the first neural network of each STA to the corresponding STA. The training result of the first neural network of each STA is determined based on the action information reported by the N STAs, instead of only the action information of the STA. This can improve a prediction capability of the first neural network, help improve a capability of each STA to predict channel access behavior of another STA, and improve a system throughput and reduce a communication latency.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relates to a multi-link communication setup method and a related apparatus. The method includes: a non-AP MLD sends an association request frame on a first link, to request multi-link setup. An AP MLD returns an association response frame on the first link, to notify whether multi-link setup succeeds. The AP MLD sets a second status code field of a multi-link element of the association response frame to a newly defined value, to indicate that a cause why a link is not accepted is that the first link is not accepted. This application is applied to a WLAN system that supports a next generation Wi-Fi protocol of 802.11ax, for example, 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, or EHT, and other 802.11 series protocols; and for another example, a next generation protocol of 802.11be: Wi-Fi 8.

Abstract: A method includes generating quality of service requirement information which includes packet loss rate indication information. The packet loss rate indication information includes an acceptable maximum packet loss rate and a reference number of service data packets. The reference number of service data packets indicates a reference measurement number for counting the packet loss rate. The method also includes sending the quality of service requirement information.

Abstract: A non-AP MLD or a first STA in the non-AP MLD generates a first frame. The first frame includes indication information for indicating padding duration for a channel switch delay in an initial control frame. The padding duration is determined based on duration of a control response frame. The non-AP MLD or the first STA or another STA in the non-AP MLD transmits the first frame. An AP MLD or a first AP or another AP in the AP MLD receives the first frame. The AP MLD or the first AP determines the padding duration of the initial control frame based on the indication information.

Abstract: A method includes: An access point generates an NDPA frame, where the NDPA frame includes a station information field, and the station information field includes an AID subfield indicating an association identifier AID of a station; the station information field further includes a partial bandwidth information subfield; the partial bandwidth information subfield indicates an RU that is in a bandwidth corresponding to the NDPA frame and for which the station needs to feed back channel state information; and the bandwidth corresponding to the NDPA frame is greater than 160 MHz. The access point transmits the NDPA frame.

Abstract: A STA in a STA MLD sends an information frame on a link corresponding to the station, and the information frame is used to indicate a STA in an awake state in the STA MLD. An AP MLD receives the information frame, and sends a downlink message frame on a one or more links corresponding to a part of or all of STAs in the awake state in the STA MLD.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to individually addressed traffic indication methods and apparatuses applicable to multiple links, for example, in a wireless local area network supporting an 802.11be standard. In an example method, a first access point (AP) of a first access point multi-link device (AP MLD) generates and sends individually addressed traffic indication information. The individually addressed traffic indication information is used to indicate whether a non-AP MLD associated with the first AP MLD has a downlink individually addressed traffic and whether a non-AP MLD associated with a second AP MLD has a downlink individually addressed traffic. The second AP MLD is an AP MLD to which a non-transmitted AP belongs. The non-transmitted AP is in a multiple basic service set identifier (BSSID) set in which the first AP is located.

Abstract: A method for training a machine learning model to generate a predicted measured image, the method including obtaining (a) an input target image associated with a reference design pattern, and (b) a reference measured image associated with a specified design pattern printed on a substrate, wherein the input target image and the reference measured image are non-aligned images; and training, by a hardware computer system and using the input target image, the machine learning model to generate a predicted measured image.

Abstract: A method for improving a process model by measuring a feature on a printed design that was constructed based in part on a target design is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a) an image of the printed design from an image capture device and b) contours based on shapes in the image. The method also includes identifying, by a pattern recognition program, patterns on the target design that include the feature and determining coordinates, on the contours, that correspond to the feature. The method further includes improving the process model by at least a) providing a measurement of the feature based on the coordinates and b) calibrating the process model based on a comparison of the measurement with a corresponding feature in the target design.

Abstract: A method for improving a process model by measuring a feature on a printed design that was constructed based in part on a target design is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a) an image of the printed design from an image capture device and b) contours based on shapes in the image. The method also includes identifying, by a pattern recognition program, patterns on the target design that include the feature and determining coordinates, on the contours, that correspond to the feature. The method further includes improving the process model by at least a) providing a measurement of the feature based on the coordinates and b) calibrating the process model based on a comparison of the measurement with a corresponding feature in the target design.

Abstract: Methods and systems for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay are disclosed. The systems comprise an on-chip integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip. The invention provides modulation methods, wavelength modulation and intensity modulation, to monitor the resonance mode shift of the photonic crystal microarray device and further provides methods and systems that enable detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously with one two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip device for high throughput chemical sensing, biosensing, and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for improving a process model for a patterning process, the method including obtaining a) a measured contour from an image capture device, and b) a simulated contour generated from a simulation of the process model. The method also includes aligning the measured contour with the simulated contour by determining an offset between the measured contour and the simulated contour. The process model is calibrated to reduce a difference, computed based on the determined offset, between the simulated contour and the measured contour.

Abstract: Methods and systems for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay are disclosed. The systems comprise an on-chip integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip. The invention provides modulation methods, wavelength modulation and intensity modulation, to monitor the resonance mode shift of the photonic crystal microarray device and further provides methods and systems that enable detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously with one two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip device for high throughput chemical sensing, biosensing, and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay are disclosed. The systems comprise an on-chip integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip. The invention provides modulation methods, wavelength modulation and intensity modulation, to monitor the resonance mode shift of the photonic crystal microarray device and further provides methods and systems that enable detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously with one two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip device for high throughput chemical sensing, biosensing, and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: 3-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), as well as absorption/fluorescence/luminescence detection is carried out using a platform based on nanoparticle-functionalized flow-through multi-hole capillaries for rapid analyte detection. The configuration provides an increased active area and fluidic channels for efficient sample delivery, and also confines and transmits light for a large signal accumulation. Using a capillary consisting of thousands of micron-sized holes adsorbed with gold nanoparticles, a detection limit better than 100 fM is achieved.

Abstract: A photonic crystal-metallic (PCM) structure receives an input light signal from a light source. The PCM structure includes a metal structure and a photonic crystal structure disposed adjacent the metal structure. The photonic crystal structure is configured to receive the input light signal such that the input light signal excites surface plasmons of the metallic structure and such that the input light signal is internally reflected within the photonic crystal structure.

Abstract: Devices, methods and systems based on integrated photonic crystal structures are disclosed. An integrated photonic crystal structure includes a photonic crystal structure and a defect member disposed adjacent the photonic crystal structure. The defect member includes a photoconductive material. The integrated photonic crystal structure is configured to receive an input light signal such that the input light signal is internally reflected within the photonic crystal structure and the defect member, such that the input light signal is absorbed by the photoconductive material in the defect member, and such that a property of the photoconductive material is changed to thereby output an output signal.

Abstract: A self-referencing composite Fabry-Pérot cavity sensor, including methods of use and manufacture. The cavity sensor comprises a substrate defining a first cavity portion juxtaposed to a second cavity portion. The first and second cavity portions are provided having a predetermined depth offset. A polymer or other dielectric material is disposed within the first and second cavity portions. An interference spectrum resulting from a light source of a known wavelength is reflected through the sensor and produces a first refractive index from the first cavity portion offset by a second refractive index from the second cavity portion. The difference in refractive indices can be used to determine various physical parameters. An optical sensor according to the present technology may be used with vapor sensing, pressure sensing, protein detection, photo-acoustic imaging, and the like.

Abstract: Apparatuses comprising an integrated printed decorative image with a printed antenna structure and/or printed electronic circuits are disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a printed decorative image atop the layer of the printed antenna structure, wherein the printed antenna structure is substantially concealed by the printed decorative image. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay are disclosed. The systems comprise an on-chip integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip. The invention provides modulation methods, wavelength modulation and intensity modulation, to monitor the resonance mode shift of the photonic crystal microarray device and further provides methods and systems that enable detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously with one two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip device for high throughput chemical sensing, biosensing, and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.