Abstract: A method for preparing hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by degrading waste polyolefin plastics at a low temperature includes the following steps: weighing 1 part by weight of polyolefin waste plastics and 3 parts-80 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide containing 0.25%-6% of H2O2; feeding the polyolefin waste plastics and the hydrogen peroxide into a hydrothermal reactor, and carrying out the oxidation pretreatment reaction at a reaction temperature of 150° C.-230° C. under a reaction pressure of 0.5 MPa-2 MPa for 30 minutes-90 minutes, and obtaining an aqueous-phase product and a gas-phase product after the reaction is finished; filling another hydrothermal reactor with a mesoporous carbon supported metal-based catalyst, and then introducing the aqueous-phase product into the hydrothermal reactor for a reforming reaction to obtain a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas product. In the whole process, the H2 yield is close to 11 mol/kg plastics, and the H2 concentration in the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is close to 55%.

Abstract: A carbon-based solid acid catalyst, a preparation method of the catalyst, and a method to use the catalyst for hydrothermal conversion of biomass are provided. The preparation method of the carbon-based solid acid catalyst includes the following steps: S1. mixing pectin with water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid for activation, and adding a resulting mixture to an ionic resin with an aromatic ring matrix; S2. drying a material obtained in S1, crushing a dried material into a powder, and subjecting the powder to pyrolysis in a dry inert gas; S3. subjecting a solid obtained after the pyrolysis to sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid; S4. diluting a material obtained in S3 with water, filtering a resulting mixture, and washing a resulting filter residue with water until no sulfate ions are detected in washing water; S5. drying the filter residue.

Abstract: A bio-oil light fraction-based bread-shaped porous activated carbon, a method for preparing the same and use thereof are provided. A light fraction prepared by fast pyrolysis of a biomass coupled with molecular distillation is selected as a precursor; an activator is directly mixed with the light fraction and stirred to obtain a homogeneous liquid; then, the homogeneous liquid is subjected to one-step carbonization and activation at a two-stage temperature in an inert atmosphere; after the activation, the obtained solid was washed and filtered, the activator reaction products and impurities are removed, and then dried to obtain the activated carbon used as an electrode carbon material of a supercapacitor. The method fully utilizes the rich micromolecule compounds such as water, acids, ketones, aldehydes, monophenols and the like in the obtained light fraction, and the micromolecule compounds and water can interact with the activator.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of making a electrocatalyst from waste tires. The method comprises the steps of providing rubber pieces; optionally contacting the rubber pieces with a sulfonation bath to produce sulfonated rubber; pyrolyzing the rubber to produce tire-derived carbon composite comprising carbon black, wherein the pyrolyzing comprises heating to at least 200° C.-2400° C.; activating the tire-derived carbon composite by contacting the tire-derived carbon composite with an alkali anion compound to provide activated tire-derived carbon supports; and loading the activated carbon-based supports with platinum cubes. In another embodiment, the tire-derived carbon composite is activated by annealing in a carbon dioxide atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of making a electrocatalyst from waste tires. The method comprises the steps of providing rubber pieces; optionally contacting the rubber pieces with a sulfonation bath to produce sulfonated rubber; pyrolyzing the rubber to produce tire-derived carbon composite comprising carbon black, wherein the pyrolyzing comprises heating to at least 200° C.-2400° C.; activating the tire-derived carbon composite by contacting the tire-derived carbon composite with an alkali anion compound to provide activated tire-derived carbon supports; and loading the activated carbon-based supports with platinum cubes. In another embodiment, the tire-derived carbon composite is activated by annealing in a carbon dioxide atmosphere.

Abstract: A carbon-metal oxide composite material comprising: (i) carbon-carbon composite particles in which an amorphous carbon black core is bonded to crystalline graphitic carbon shells; and (ii) a metal oxide material bonded with said carbon-carbon composite particles, wherein said metal oxide material is included in an amount of at least about 10 wt. % by weight of said carbon-carbon composite particles and metal oxide material. Alkali-ion batteries containing the above-described composite as anode are also described. Methods for producing the above-described composite are also described. The method can include, for example, subjecting pulverized rubber tire waste to a sulfonation process and pyrolyzing the sulfonated rubber to produce the carbon-carbon composite particles, as described above, followed by admixing and compounding a metal oxide material with the carbon-carbon composite particles.

Abstract: A method of making solid acid catalysts includes the step of sulfonating waste tire pieces in a first sulfonation step. The sulfonated waste tire pieces are pyrolyzed to produce carbon composite pieces having a pore size less than 10 nm. The carbon composite pieces are then ground to produce carbon composite powders having a size less than 50 ?m. The carbon composite particles are sulfonated in a second sulfonation step to produce sulfonated solid acid catalysts. A method of making biofuels and solid acid catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making solid acid catalysts includes the step of sulfonating waste tire pieces in a first sulfonation step. The sulfonated waste tire pieces are pyrolyzed to produce carbon composite pieces having a pore size less than 10 nm. The carbon composite pieces are then ground to produce carbon composite powders having a size less than 50 ?m. The carbon composite particles are sulfonated in a second sulfonation step to produce sulfonated solid acid catalysts. A method of making biofuels and solid acid catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: A carbon-metal oxide composite material comprising: (i) carbon-carbon composite particles in which an amorphous carbon black core is bonded to crystalline graphitic carbon shells; and (ii) a metal oxide material bonded with said carbon-carbon composite particles, wherein said metal oxide material is included in an amount of at least about 10 wt. % by weight of said carbon-carbon composite particles and metal oxide material. Alkali-ion batteries containing the above-described composite as anode are also described. Methods for producing the above-described composite are also described. The method can include, for example, subjecting pulverized rubber tire waste to a sulfonation process and pyrolyzing the sulfonated rubber to produce the carbon-carbon composite particles, as described above, followed by admixing and compounding a metal oxide material with the carbon-carbon composite particles.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for assessing the results of a bioassay between probe biomolecules and target biomolecules using conventional optical disk drive.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for assessing the results of a bioassay between probe biomolecules and target biomolecules using a conventional optical disc drive.

Abstract: A surface activation method is provided to convert polycarbonate (PC) substrates, e.g., plastic bases of optical discs, to biochip platforms. Such surface activation methods comprise providing an ozone enriched environment in a vicinity of the surface and irradiating the surface with UV radiation. Once activated, the surfaces can be used for DNA probe immobilization and target detection or other bioassays.