Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials involved in assessing and/or treating mammals (e g , humans) having cancer. For example, methods and materials that can be used to determine whether or not the cancer is likely to be responsive to a particular cancer treatment (e.g., a cancer immunotherapy or a cancer chemotherapy) are provided. For example, methods and materials that can be used to treat a mammal by administering one or more cancer treatments that is/are selected based, at least in part, on whether or not the mammal is likely to be responsive to a particular cancer treatment also are provided.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising an ailanthone (AIL) compound or a derivative thereof, for the treatment of diseases or conditions caused by, dependent from, or associated with excessive androgen receptor activity. Ailantone compounds have been discovered to be a potent inhibitor of both full-length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively-active truncated AR splice variants (AR-Vs), and are found to possess favorable drug-like properties such as good bioavailability, high solubility, lack of CYP inhibition, and low hepatotoxicity. Methods of treatment are also provided.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising an ailanthone (AIL) compound or a derivative thereof, for the treatment of diseases or conditions caused by, dependent from, or associated with excessive androgen receptor activity. Ailantone compounds have been discovered to be a potent inhibitor of both full-length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively-active truncated AR splice variants (AR-Vs), and are found to possess favorable drug-like properties such as good bioavailability, high solubility, lack of CYP inhibition, and low hepatotoxicity. Methods of treatment are also provided.