Abstract: A signal monitoring method and apparatus for a wavelength selective switch (WSS) are provided. The signal monitoring method for a wavelength selective switch WSS includes: encoding a phase of a first optical engine based on an input WDM signal, so that the WDM signal is split into a transmitted signal and a monitored signal after passing through the first optical engine; inputting the monitored signal to a second optical engine disposed at an output-side grating; and controlling the second optical engine to rotate in a wavelength plane of the WDM signal, so that monitored light of a specified wavelength in the monitored signal is output from the second optical engine at a preset angle.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for transmitting an optical signal and a wavelength selective switch. The transmission method includes: performing diffraction processing on an input optical signal, to obtain signal light and crosstalk light. The signal light is output to a target output port in a plurality of output ports. The diffraction processing includes deflecting, in a second direction, a diffraction direction of a part or all of the crosstalk light, so that the part or all of the crosstalk light is output to an area outside the output ports.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer, including: an input component, an output component, a beamsplitter, a first switch array, a wavelength dispersion system, a redirection system, and a second switch array. The input component includes M+P input ports, the output component includes N output ports, the beamsplitter is configured to: receive M input beams from M input ports, and split each of the M input beams into at least N parts, to obtain at least M×N beams; the first switch array includes at least P switch units; and the second switch array includes N rows of switch units. The first switch array, the beamsplitter, the wavelength dispersion system, the redirection system, and the second switch array are arranged so that P optical add beams and sub-beams of M×N beams in the at least M×N beams can be routed to the N output ports.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical power equilibrium method and apparatus. The method includes: configuring a liquid crystal on silicon LCOS as a blazed grating pattern whose phase periodically changes, where each period includes three grating segments, a pixel quantity in each period does not change, and a second grating segment is located between a first grating segment and a third grating segment; monitoring power of wavelength signals in a WDM signal, where the WDM signal includes a first wavelength signal; and reducing a phase modulation depth and a pixel quantity of the second grating segment in each period at a first location if power of the first wavelength signal is greater than preset target power, so that the power of the first wavelength signal is the same as the target power, where the first location is a location at which the first wavelength signal is incident to the LCOS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a color stable treated fabric and the method for making the same.

Abstract: A new paper composition comprising, a) from 15 wt. % to 70 wt. % a hiding composite comprising based on the total weight of the hiding composite, from 30 wt. % to 75 wt. % pigment particles and from 25 wt. % to 70 wt. % a thermoplastic polymer. The pigment particles are hydrophobically treated with the surface tension of the pigment particles being from 0.1 to 50 mN/m, and the surface tension difference between the pigment particles and the thermoplastic polymer being less than 40 mN/m; and b) from 30 wt. % to 85 wt. % a paper pulp. Process of making such a new paper composition.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for transmitting an optical signal and a wavelength selective switch. The transmission method includes: performing diffraction processing on an input optical signal, to obtain signal light and crosstalk light. The signal light is output to a target output port in a plurality of output ports. The diffraction processing includes deflecting, in a second direction, a diffraction direction of a part or all of the crosstalk light, so that the part or all of the crosstalk light is output to an area outside the output ports.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical power equilibrium method and apparatus. The method includes: configuring a liquid crystal on silicon LCOS as a blazed grating pattern whose phase periodically changes, where each period includes three grating segments, a pixel quantity in each period does not change, and a second grating segment is located between a first grating segment and a third grating segment; monitoring power of wavelength signals in a WDM signal, where the WDM signal includes a first wavelength signal; and reducing a phase modulation depth and a pixel quantity of the second grating segment in each period at a first location if power of the first wavelength signal is greater than preset target power, so that the power of the first wavelength signal is the same as the target power, where the first location is a location at which the first wavelength signal is incident to the LCOS.

Abstract: A signal monitoring method and apparatus for a wavelength selective switch (WSS) are provided. The signal monitoring method for a wavelength selective switch WSS includes: encoding a phase of a first optical engine based on an input WDM signal, so that the WDM signal is split into a transmitted signal and a monitored signal after passing through the first optical engine; inputting the monitored signal to a second optical engine disposed at an output-side grating; and controlling the second optical engine to rotate in a wavelength plane of the WDM signal, so that monitored light of a specified wavelength in the monitored signal is output from the second optical engine at a preset angle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a color stable and wash durable treated fabric.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch (WSS), including an input optical fiber collimation array, a first optical switching engine, a dispersion device, an optical path converter, a second optical switching engine, a third optical switching engine, and an output optical fiber collimation array. A first beam is input from a first port of the input optical fiber collimation array. The first optical switching engine performs angle deflection on the first beam on a first plane. The dispersion device demultiplexes, on a second plane, the angle-deflected first beam into multiple sub-wavelength beams. The second optical switching engine performs angle deflection on the multiple sub-wavelength beams that are obtained by demultiplexing. The dispersion device multiplexes, on the second plane, the angle-deflected multiple sub-wavelength beams. The third optical switching engine performs angle deflection on the multiplexed multiple sub-wavelength beams on the first plane.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer, including: an input component, an output component, a beamsplitter, a first switch array, a wavelength dispersion system, a redirection system, and a second switch array. The input component includes M+P input ports, the output component includes N output ports, the beamsplitter is configured to: receive M input beams from M input ports, and split each of the M input beams into at least N parts, to obtain at least M×N beams; the first switch array includes at least P switch units; and the second switch array includes N rows of switch units. The first switch array, the beamsplitter, the wavelength dispersion system, the redirection system, and the second switch array are arranged so that P optical add beams and sub-beams of M×N beams in the at least M×N beams can be routed to the N output ports.

Abstract: A method for producing a stable microbicidal composition. The method comprises steps of: (a) combining a glycol solvent of formula R(OCH2CHR1)nH, wherein R is C1-C6 alkyl and n has a number average value from 2 to 5 and R1 is hydrogen or methyl; dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in an amount from 0.3 to 1.8 wt % based on the entire microbicidal composition; and a copper (II) salt selected from the group consisting of copper (II) hydroxide, copper (II) carbonate and mixtures thereof to form an initial mixture; wherein a mole ratio of copper:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is from 1:0.25 to 1:1.95; (b) maintaining the initial mixture at 40 to 80° C. until an amount of copper ion in solution is stable; and (c) adding 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one to produce a final mixture.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch (WSS), including an input optical fiber collimation array, a first optical switching engine, a dispersion device, an optical path converter, a second optical switching engine, a third optical switching engine, and an output optical fiber collimation array. A first beam is input from a first port of the input optical fiber collimation array. The first optical switching engine performs angle deflection on the first beam on a first plane. The dispersion device demultiplexes, on a second plane, the angle-deflected first beam into multiple sub-wavelength beams. The second optical switching engine performs angle deflection on the multiple sub-wavelength beams that are obtained by demultiplexing. The dispersion device multiplexes, on the second plane, the angle-deflected multiple sub-wavelength beams. The third optical switching engine performs angle deflection on the multiplexed multiple sub-wavelength beams on the first plane.

Abstract: A multilayer structure including (a) a fabric, (b) a polyurethane foam containing a plurality of cells defined therein, wherein the foam contains at least one surfactant, and (c) a skin layer, wherein the skin layer comprises a wetting agent and an acrylic polymer having a glass transition temperature of ?20 degree Celsius or less, and the foam resides between the fabric and the skin layer; and the process of preparing the multilayer structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical communications apparatus, where the apparatus includes: an input system, a first optical switch array, and an output system, where the input system includes N input ports that are one-dimensionally arranged on a first plane, a first beam expander, a demultiplexer, and a first optical path changer; the first optical switch array includes N×K first optical switch units that are two-dimensionally arranged on a second plane, and the first optical switch units can rotate in a first axial line direction and a second axial line direction; and the output system includes a second optical path changer, a second beam expander, a second optical switch array, and M output ports that are two-dimensionally arranged.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical communications apparatus, where the apparatus includes: an input system, a first optical switch array, and an output system, where the input system includes N input ports that are one-dimensionally arranged on a first plane, a first beam expander, a demultiplexer, and a first optical path changer; the first optical switch array includes N×K first optical switch units that are two-dimensionally arranged on a second plane, and the first optical switch units can rotate in a first axial line direction and a second axial line direction; and the output system includes a second optical path changer, a second beam expander, a second optical switch array, and M output ports that are two-dimensionally arranged.

Abstract: A new paper composition comprising, a) from 15 wt. % to 70 wt. % a hiding composite comprising based on the total weight of the hiding composite, from 30 wt. % to 75 wt. % pigment particles and from 25 wt. % to 70 wt. % a thermoplastic polymer. The pigment particles are hydrophobically treated with the surface tension of the pigment particles being from 0.1 to 50 mN/m, and the surface tension difference between the pigment particles and the thermoplastic polymer being less than 40 mN/m; and b) from 30 wt. % to 85 wt. % a paper pulp. Process of making such a new paper composition.

Abstract: A multilayer structure including (a) a fabric, (b) a polyurethane foam containing a plurality of cells defined therein, wherein the foam contains at least one surfactant, and (c) a skin layer, wherein the skin layer comprises a wetting agent and an acrylic polymer having a glass transition temperature of ?20 degree Celsius or less, and the foam resides between the fabric and the skin layer; and the process of preparing the multilayer structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers comprising latex, and having improved peel strength and/or improved embossability. The leathers comprising a fabric that is optionally impregnated with a polymer resin, wherein the fabric is in contact with a polymeric layer that was made from a mixture comprising a frothed polyurethane dispersion in water and latex. Methods of making these synthetic leathers, which have improved peel strength and/or improved embossability relative to non-latex containing synthetic leathers, are also disclosed.