Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A first client device or system performs a method that includes retaining in memory registration information for a respective application indicating the respective application is registered for sharing application state with other client devices or systems. The method further includes storing an application state of a respective application, and detecting a transfer triggering condition. The transfer triggering condition includes presence of a second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, and the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication. Furthermore, upon detecting the triggering condition, the first client device or system determines, in accordance with the stored registration information, that the respective application is registered for application state sharing, and transmits the application state of the respective application to the second client device or system.

Abstract: A first client device or system performs a method that includes retaining in memory registration information for a respective application indicating the respective application is registered for sharing application state with other client devices or systems. The method further includes storing an application state of a respective application, and detecting a transfer triggering condition. The transfer triggering condition includes presence of a second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, and the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication. Furthermore, upon detecting the triggering condition, the first client device or system determines, in accordance with the stored registration information, that the respective application is registered for application state sharing, and transmits the application state of the respective application to the second client device or system.

Abstract: A first client device or system performs a method that includes retaining in memory registration information for a respective application indicating the respective application is registered for sharing application state with other client devices or systems. The method further includes storing an application state of a respective application, and detecting a transfer triggering condition. The transfer triggering condition includes presence of a second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, and the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication. Furthermore, upon detecting the triggering condition, the first client device or system determines, in accordance with the stored registration information, that the respective application is registered for application state sharing, and transmits the application state of the respective application to the second client device or system.

Abstract: A system and machine-implemented method for providing a username and password to a system using a device, via establishing a near field communication link with the system; retrieving a username and password from storage on the device; and transmitting the username and password to the system via the near field communication link, wherein the username and password are configured to be used by the system to authenticate the user on the system.

Abstract: A first client device executes a plurality of actively running applications, each having one or more checkpoints, each checkpoint identifying an execution breakpoint at which a respective application can be suspended and subsequently resumed. The first client device detects a transfer triggering condition, stores an application state for each of the plurality of actively running applications, and transmits the stored application state for each of the plurality of actively running applications to a second client device or system. The stored application state for each respective application of the plurality of actively running applications corresponds to a checkpoint of the respective application. Optionally, the transfer triggering condition includes presence of the second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, wherein the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication.

Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure are directed to receiving, by a first computing device, one or more communications from a second device. The one or more communications may be transmitted using a short range wireless communication protocol. The one or more communications may include network configuration information usable to connect the first computing device to a first network and network authentication information. The first computing device may configure the first computing device to connect to the first network using the network configuration information. The first computing device may automatically connect to the first network by at least submitting, using a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) authentication mechanism, the authentication information to a third computing device that manages access to a second network accessible using the first network.

Abstract: A system and machine-implemented method for providing a username and password to a system using a device, via establishing a near field communication link with the system; retrieving a username and password from storage on the device; and transmitting the username and password to the system via the near field communication link, wherein the username and password are configured to be used by the system to authenticate the user on the system.

Abstract: A first client device or system performs a method that includes retaining in memory registration information for a respective application indicating the respective application is registered for sharing application state with other client devices or systems. The method further includes storing an application state of a respective application, and detecting a transfer triggering condition. The transfer triggering condition includes presence of a second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, and the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication. Furthermore, upon detecting the triggering condition, the first client device or system determines, in accordance with the stored registration information, that the respective application is registered for application state sharing, and transmits the application state of the respective application to the second client device or system.

Abstract: A system and machine-implemented method for providing a username and password to a system using a device, via establishing a near field communication link with the system; retrieving a username and password from storage on the device; and transmitting the username and password to the system via the near field communication link, wherein the username and password are configured to be used by the system to authenticate the user on the system.

Abstract: A first client device or system performs a method that includes retaining in memory registration information for a respective application indicating the respective application is registered for sharing application state with other client devices or systems. The method further includes storing an application state of a respective application, and detecting a transfer triggering condition. The transfer triggering condition includes presence of a second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, and the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication. Furthermore, upon detecting the triggering condition, the first client device or system determines, in accordance with the stored registration information, that the respective application is registered for application state sharing, and transmits the application state of the respective application to the second client device or system.

Abstract: A system and machine-implemented method for providing a username and password to a system using a device, via establishing a near field communication link with the system; retrieving a username and password from storage on the device; and transmitting the username and password to the system via the near field communication link, wherein the username and password are configured to be used by the system to authenticate the user on the system.

Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure are directed to receiving, by a first computing device, one or more communications from a second device. The one or more communications may be transmitted using a short range wireless communication protocol. The one or more communications may include network configuration information usable to connect the first computing device to a first network and network authentication information. The first computing device may configure the first computing device to connect to the first network using the network configuration information. The first computing device may automatically connect to the first network by at least submitting, using a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) authentication mechanism, the authentication information to a third computing device that manages access to a second network accessible using the first network.

Abstract: A system and machine-implemented method for providing a username and password to a system using a device, via establishing a near field communication link with the system; retrieving a username and password from storage on the device; and transmitting the username and password to the system via the near field communication link, wherein the username and password are configured to be used by the system to authenticate the user on the system.

Abstract: A first client device or system performs a method that includes retaining in memory registration information for a respective application indicating the respective application is registered for sharing application state with other client devices or systems. The method further includes storing an application state of a respective application, and detecting a transfer triggering condition. The transfer triggering condition includes presence of a second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, and the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication. Furthermore, upon detecting the triggering condition, the first client device or system determines, in accordance with the stored registration information, that the respective application is registered for application state sharing, and transmits the application state of the respective application to the second client device or system.

Abstract: A first client device executes a plurality of actively running applications, each having one or more checkpoints, each checkpoint identifying an execution breakpoint at which a respective application can be suspended and subsequently resumed. The first client device detects a transfer triggering condition, stores an application state for each of the plurality of actively running applications, and transmits the stored application state for each of the plurality of actively running applications to a second client device or system. The stored application state for each respective application of the plurality of actively running applications corresponds to a checkpoint of the respective application. Optionally, the transfer triggering condition includes presence of the second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, wherein the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication.

Abstract: A system and machine-implemented method for sending a print request from a device to a cloud printer within a cloud, the cloud comprising the cloud printer and a cloud server. A network connection is established with the cloud server, and print data is transmitted from the device to the cloud server via the network connection. Print data location information is received from the cloud server via the network connection, the print data location information specifying an address of the print data in the cloud. An NFC connection is established with the cloud printer, and a print request is sent to the cloud printer via the NFC connection. The print request includes the print data location information and is configured to be used by the cloud printer to obtain the print data from the cloud.

Abstract: A first client device or system performs a method that includes retaining in memory registration information for a respective application indicating the respective application is registered for sharing application state with other client devices or systems. The method further includes storing an application state of a respective application, and detecting a transfer triggering condition. The transfer triggering condition includes presence of a second client device or system within a predefined proximity of the first client device or system, and the predefined proximity is a predefined proximity for near field communication. Furthermore, upon detecting the triggering condition, the first client device or system determines, in accordance with the stored registration information, that the respective application is registered for application state sharing, and transmits the application state of the respective application to the second client device or system.

Abstract: A method for fragmenting an incoming packet for transmission as a first outgoing packet and a second outgoing packet includes storing a payload of the incoming packet in a plurality of storage units beginning in a first storage unit, transmitting the first outgoing packet being formed according to a predetermined portion of the payload stored in the first storage unit, and after transmitting the first outgoing packet, transmitting the second outgoing packet being formed according to a remaining portion of the payload stored in the storage units.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for bandwidth control is provided to keep the bandwidth more stable. The apparatus includes an interval signal generator, a storage unit, and a control circuit. The interval signal generator outputs a plurality of interval signals which are evenly or approximately evenly distributed over a time interval. The value of the storage unit corresponds to a transmittable data size. The control circuit adjusts the value of the storage unit according to the interval signals.