Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a substrate and a semiconductor channel layer over the substrate. The semiconductor structure includes a high-k gate dielectric layer over the semiconductor channel layer, a work function metal layer over the high-k gate dielectric layer, and a bulk metal layer over the work function metal layer. The work function metal layer includes a first portion and a second portion over the first portion. Both the first portion and the second portion are conductive. Materials included in the second portion are also included in the first portion. The first portion is doped with silicon at a first dopant concentration, and the second portion is not doped with silicon or is doped with silicon at a second dopant concentration lower than the first dopant concentration.

Abstract: A method includes providing a structure having a substrate and a channel layer over the substrate; forming a high-k gate dielectric layer over the channel layer; forming a work function metal layer over the high-k gate dielectric layer; forming a silicide layer over the work function metal layer; annealing the structure such that a first portion of the work function metal layer that interfaces with the high-k gate dielectric layer is doped with silicon elements from the silicide layer; removing the silicide layer; and forming a bulk metal layer over the work function metal layer.

Abstract: A method includes providing a structure having a substrate and a channel layer over the substrate; forming a high-k gate dielectric layer over the channel layer; forming a work function metal layer over the high-k gate dielectric layer; forming a silicide layer over the work function metal layer; annealing the structure such that a first portion of the work function metal layer that interfaces with the high-k gate dielectric layer is doped with silicon elements from the silicide layer; removing the silicide layer; and forming a bulk metal layer over the work function metal layer.

Abstract: A handlebar clamping device for a bicycle includes a handlebar, a mounting tube mounted on the handlebar and having a peripheral wall provided with two opposite mounting portions and two opposite openings located between the two mounting portions, and a clamping unit extending through the two openings of the mounting tube and pressing the handlebar to lock the mounting tube onto the handlebar. Thus, the handlebar clamping device only needs to provide a single clamping unit to lock the mounting tube onto the handlebar, thereby decreasing the cost of fabrication of the handlebar clamping device.