Abstract: Memory devices and methods of forming the same are provided. A memory device of the present disclosure includes a bottom dielectric layer, a gate structure extending vertically from the bottom dielectric layer, a stack structure, and a dielectric layer extending between the gate structure and the stack structure. The stack structure includes a first silicide layer, a second silicide layer, an oxide layer extending bet ween the first and second silicide layers, a channel region over the oxide layer and extending between the first and second silicide layers, and an isolation layer over the second silicide layer. The first and second silicide layers include cobalt, titanium, tungsten, or palladium.

Abstract: A flyback power converter includes a transformer having an auxiliary winding for generating an auxiliary voltage and providing a supply voltage on a supply node; a primary side controller circuit which is powered by the supply voltage from the supply node; and a high voltage (HV) start-up circuit. The HV start-up circuit is coupled to an high voltage signal through a HV input terminal and generates the supply voltage through a supply output terminal, wherein when the supply voltage does not exceed a start-up voltage threshold, a HV start-up switch conducts the HV input terminal and the supply output terminal to provide the supply voltage, and when the supply voltage exceeds a start-up voltage threshold, the HV start-up switch is OFF. The HV start-up circuit and the primary side controller circuit are packaged in two separate integrated circuit packages respectively.

Abstract: A flyback power converter includes a transformer having an auxiliary winding for generating an auxiliary voltage and providing a supply voltage on a supply node; a primary side controller circuit which is powered by the supply voltage from the supply node; and a high voltage (HV) start-up circuit. The HV start-up circuit is coupled to an high voltage signal through a HV input terminal and generates the supply voltage through a supply output terminal, wherein when the supply voltage does not exceed a start-up voltage threshold, a HV start-up switch conducts the HV input terminal and the supply output terminal to provide the supply voltage, and when the supply voltage exceeds a start-up voltage threshold, the HV start-up switch is OFF. The HV start-up circuit and the primary side controller circuit are packaged in two separate integrated circuit packages respectively.

Abstract: A control integrated circuit for a power factor correction converter has a pin for detecting an alternating-current information and a direct-current information of an input signal. The control integrated circuit comprises a signal peak detector for detecting a peak value of the input signal to the pin to obtain the direct-current information of the input signal. Since the alternating-current information and the direct-current information of the input signal can be obtained through the same pin, the pin count of the control integrated circuit can be decreased.

Abstract: A switching power converting apparatus includes a coil unit, a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) controlling power transfer through the coil unit, and a current sensing resistor sensing a current flowing through the BJT so as to produce a sensed voltage thereacross. A switching controller includes a current source supplying a first current, a current generating module generating, based on an input voltage associated with the sensed voltage, a second current, which is proportional to the current flowing through the BJT, a multiplexing module selecting one of the first and second currents as an output current, and a driving module outputting, based on the output current, a driving current, which is proportional to the output current, to the BJT to thereby conduct the BJT.

Abstract: A switching power converting apparatus includes a coil unit, a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) controlling power transfer through the coil unit, and a current sensing resistor sensing a current flowing through the BJT so as to produce a sensed voltage thereacross. A switching controller includes a current source supplying a first current, a current generating module generating, based on an input voltage associated with the sensed voltage, a second current, which is proportional to the current flowing through the BJT, a multiplexing module selecting one of the first and second currents as an output current, and a driving module outputting, based on the output current, a driving current, which is proportional to the output current, to the BJT to thereby conduct the BJT.

Abstract: A voltage converter circuit, includes: a power switch for generating a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal to drive a current load, wherein the PWM signal toggles between a first level and a second level; a sensing pin, receiving a first sensing signal when the PWM signal is at the first level, and receiving a second sensing signal when the PWM signal is at the second level; a parameter sampling and setting unit, having an input terminal coupling to the sensing pin, generating a default current or a default voltage on the sensing pin and sampling the second sensing signal to generate a sampling signal when the PWM signal is at the second level, and holding the sampling signal to set a parameter of the voltage converter circuit when the PWM signal is at the first level.

Abstract: A control circuit for a power converter is disclosed, having a shared pin, a driving circuit, a current source, a sampling circuit, and a signal processing circuit. The shared pin is used for coupling with an output end of the power converter through a resistor. The driving circuit is used for conducting a switch of the power converter. The current source provides a current to the resistor through the shared pin. The sampling circuit samples the signal on the shared pin for generating a first sampling value and a second sampling value. When the difference between the first sampling value and the second sampling value is less than a predetermined value, the signal processing circuit configures the driving circuit to adjust at least one of the conduction time and the conduction frequency of the switch according to an output signal of the power converter received from the shared pin.

Abstract: A control integrated circuit for a power factor correction converter has a pin for detecting an alternating-current information and a direct-current information of an input signal. The control integrated circuit comprises a signal peak detector for detecting a peak value of the input signal to the pin to obtain the direct-current information of the input signal. Since the alternating-current information and the direct-current information of the input signal can be obtained through the same pin, the pin count of the control integrated circuit can be decreased.

Abstract: A control circuit for a power converter includes a shared pin, a driving circuit, a current source, a sampling circuit, and a signal processing circuit. The shared pin is coupled with an output end of the power converter through a resistor. The driving circuit conducts a switch of the power converter. The current source provides a current to the resistor through the shared pin. The sampling circuit samples the signal on the shared pin for generating a first sampling value and a second sampling value. The signal processing circuit calculates a first difference between the first sampling value and a first reference value, and a second difference between the second sampling value and a second reference value. When the difference between the first difference and the second difference is less than a predetermined value, the signal processing circuit may therefore configure the conduction time or frequency of the switch.

Abstract: A control circuit for a power converter includes a shared pin, a driving circuit, a current source, a sampling circuit, and a signal processing circuit. The shared pin is coupled with an output end of the power converter through a resistor. The driving circuit conducts a switch of the power converter. The current source provides a current to the resistor through the shared pin. The sampling circuit samples the signal on the shared pin for generating a first sampling value and a second sampling value. The signal processing circuit calculates a first difference between the first sampling value and a first reference value, and a second difference between the second sampling value and a second reference value. When the difference between the first difference and the second difference is less than a predetermined value, the signal processing circuit may therefore configure the conduction time or frequency of the switch.

Abstract: A control circuit for a power converter is disclosed, having a shared pin, a driving circuit, a current source, a sampling circuit, and a signal processing circuit. The shared pin is used for coupling with an output end of the power converter through a resistor. The driving circuit is used for conducting a switch of the power converter. The current source provides a current to the resistor through the shared pin. The sampling circuit samples the signal on the shared pin for generating a first sampling value and a second sampling value. When the difference between the first sampling value and the second sampling value is less than a predetermined value, the signal processing circuit configures the driving circuit to adjust at least one of the conduction time and the conduction frequency of the switch according to an output signal of the power converter received from the shared pin.

Abstract: A voltage converting circuit including a power stage, a filter, a comparator, a first and a second feedback units. The power stage receives an input voltage and outputs the input voltage according to a duty cycle. The filter receives the input voltage to convert the input voltage into a current, and filters the current to obtain an output voltage. The first feedback unit amplifies a difference between a reference voltage and the output voltage to obtain an error voltage. The second feedback unit calculates the quadratic differential and integration of the output voltage to obtain a sensing voltage. The comparator compares the error voltage and the sensing voltage, and outputs a comparing result to adjust a duty ratio. Herein, a ripple of the output voltage is linearly proportional to that of the current, and DC divided voltage level of the output voltage is substantially equal to the reference voltage.

Abstract: A voltage converting circuit including a power stage, a filter, a comparator, a first and a second feedback units. The power stage receives an input voltage and outputs the input voltage according to a duty cycle. The filter receives the input voltage to convert the input voltage into a current, and filters the current to obtain an output voltage. The first feedback unit amplifies a difference between a reference voltage and the output voltage to obtain an error voltage. The second feedback unit calculates the quadratic differential and integration of the output voltage to obtain a sensing voltage. The comparator compares the error voltage and the sensing voltage, and outputs a comparing result to adjust a duty ratio. Herein, a ripple of the output voltage is linearly proportional to that of the current, and DC divided voltage level of the output voltage is substantially equal to the reference voltage.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate has a first dielectric layer positioned on the semiconductor substrate. At least one recess is formed in the first dielectric layer. Then a glue layer, a metal layer and a material layer, sealing an opening of the recess, are sequentially formed on the surface of the recess. Thereafter, a photo-etching-process is performed to form at least one metal interconnect in the glue layer, the metal layer and the material layer. The material layer that seals the opening of the recess is used to prevent portions of a photoresist layer from remaining in the recess during the photo-etching-process.