Abstract: The present invention discloses an encoding apparatus using a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) scanning, which includes a mode selection means for selecting an optimal mode for intra prediction; an intra prediction means for performing intra prediction onto video inputted based on the mode selected in the mode selection means; a DCT and quantization means for performing DCT and quantization onto residual coefficients of a block outputted from the intra prediction means; and an entropy encoding means for performing entropy encoding onto DCT coefficients acquired from the DCT and quantization by using a scanning mode decided based on pixel similarity of the residual coefficients.

Abstract: A defroster nozzle of a vehicle installed below a windshield of the vehicle and discharging conditioned air toward the windshield, the defroster nozzle generating vortex during discharging is disclosed. The defroster nozzle may include a housing formed in a cylindrical shape and having an inlet formed at one end of the housing through which the conditioned air is introduced, and an outlet formed adjacent to the windshield through which the air is discharged, and a vortex generator configured to protrude from an inner side surface of the housing to discharge the air introduced into the housing as vortex in the inner side surface of the housing.