Abstract: A charging management method for multiple battery packs comprises determining a target charging current of each battery pack according to a sampled temperature of each battery pack and a sampled voltage of each battery pack; calculating a difference between the sum of the target charging currents of various battery packs and the sum of sampled charging currents of the various battery packs, to obtain a total PI adjustment value; sending the total PI adjustment value to a charging device, to enable the charging device to adjust a total charging current according to the total PI adjustment value; determining a charging current of each battery pack according to the sampled charging current of each battery pack and the total charging current, and determining a charging voltage of each battery pack according to the sampled voltage of each battery pack.

Abstract: A method of immobilizing extracellular vesicles in an extracellular matrix material provides for improved extracellular vesicle retention in vitro and in vivo. Extracellular matrix materials, such as collagen, are functionalized with chemicals that are complimentary to ligands disposed on the surface of the extracellular vesicle. In one example embodiment, collagen is functionalized with dibenzocyclooctyne and the extracellular vesicle is functionalized with an azide tag. The extracellular vesicle is immobilized within the collagen through a click reaction involving the dibenzocyclooctyne and the azide tag.

Abstract: A perfusion bioreactor system has an inner chamber and scaffold with matching porosities to equalize fluid flow through a bioreactor. The scaffold can be fabricated using additive manufacturing or other fabrication techniques to match the geometrical shape of a defect, such as a facial bone anomaly. The inner chamber is fabricated in a similar manner and has an inner cavity matching the shape of the scaffold to create a unified structure when assembled together with the scaffold. By matching the shapes of the scaffold and inner chamber, free space is eliminated within the interior volume of the bioreactor. Stem cells can be flowed through the bioreactor and attached to the scaffold, which are then cultured to grow a tissue graft.