Abstract: A metal oxide nanoparticle includes a ligand linked to a surface of the metal oxide nanoparticle, where the ligand includes a first ligand and a second ligand, the first ligand includes a C1-C60 alkylamine compound and/or a C2-C60 alkenylamine compound, and the second ligand includes a C6-C60 alkylthiol compound and/or a phosphine compound.

Abstract: Provided is a light emitting element according to embodiments which includes a body including a semiconductor layer and an active layer, and a ligand including a head portion bonded to a surface of the body, an end portion spaced apart from the body, and having a positive or a negative charge, and a chain portion connecting the head portion and the end portion.

Abstract: A quantum dot may include a core including indium (In) and A1, and a first shell covering the core, wherein A1 may be a group III element other than indium, a ratio of a radius of the core to a thickness of the first shell may be in a range of about 1:1 to about 9:1, and the quantum dot may emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 440 nanometers (nm) to about 480 nm.

Abstract: A quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot, a ligand to bind to a surface of the quantum dot, an additive having an amine group, and a precursor comprising an organometallic compound, the composition forming a modified quantum dot having a reformed surface characteristic. A light emitting element including the modified quantum dot may have improved lifespan, luminous efficiency, and material stability.

Abstract: A quantum dot includes a core and a plurality of shell layers surrounding the core. The core has a band gap less than that of the outermost shell layer, and the outermost shell layer has a band gap less than that of a second shell layer. Thus, a light emitting device including the quantum dot according to an embodiment may have an improved lifespan of the device and excellent luminous efficiency characteristics.

Abstract: A quantum dot ligand, a quantum dot complex including the same, a quantum dot composition including the quantum dot complex, and a light-emitting device including the quantum dot complex are provided. The quantum dot ligand is a polymer including: a first unit having a functional group having a charge transport function; and a second unit having at least one crosslinkable functional group and at least one functional group capable of binding to a quantum dot.

Abstract: Provided are a quantum dot, a method of preparing the quantum dot, an optical member including the quantum dot, and an electronic device including the quantum dot. The quantum dot includes a core including indium (In), A1, and A2; and a shell covering the core. A1 is a Group V element, A2 is a Group III element other than indium, and the core includes a first region, and a second region covering the first region. The first region does not include A2, and includes indium and A1, and the second region includes indium, A1, and A2, and indium and A2 are alloyed with each other in the second region.

Abstract: A method of preparing a quantum dot, the method being capable of controlling an energy level of a quantum dot is provided. A quantum dot having a controlled energy level, and a light-emitting device, an optical member, and an apparatus that include the quantum dot are also provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing a quantum dot, an optical member including the quantum dot prepared using the method, and an electronic device including the quantum dot are provided. The method includes forming a first particle including a core and a protective shell from a quantum dot composition including a precursor containing a tellurium (Te) element, a precursor containing a Group II element, and a precursor containing a Group VI element; purifying the first particle; and forming a second particle including a first shell by mixing the first particle with a first shell composition including the precursor containing a Group II element and the precursor containing a Group VI element and forming the first shell from the protective shell.

Abstract: A method of preparing quantum dot includes: forming a first mixture comprising a core, a zinc-containing first material, and a selenium-containing second material; forming a first intermediate comprising a core and a first shell, from the first mixture, followed by forming a second mixture comprising the first intermediate; forming a third mixture by adding a zinc-containing third material and a sulfur-containing fourth material to the second mixture; forming a second intermediate comprising the core, the first shell, and a second shell, from the third mixture, followed by forming a fourth mixture comprising the second intermediate; adding a ligand precursor-containing fifth material to the fourth mixture; and forming a ligand layer covering the second shell of the second intermediate, wherein an amount of the ligand precursor is in a range of about 10 pbw to about 22 pbw based on 100 pbw of the zinc-containing third material in the fourth mixture.

Abstract: A light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the interlayer includes an emission layer, and wherein the emission layer includes a first quantum dot and a second quantum dot, wherein an energy band gap of the first quantum dot is greater than an energy band gap of the second quantum dot, and wherein the first quantum dot emits light of a partial wavelength region of a visible light region.

Abstract: A light-emitting device (LED) includes a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer facing the first semiconductor layer, an insulating layer arranged to at least partially surround outer surfaces of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and a first ligand bonded to a surface of the insulating layer and a second ligand bonded to the first ligand.

Abstract: An ink composition for a light-emitting device may include: quantum dots; and a mixed solvent of a first solvent, a second solvent, and a third solvent, wherein the first solvent may be a C6-C50 aromatic hydrocarbon, the second solvent may be a C1-C20 aliphatic hydrocarbon, and the third solvent may be a ternary alkyl phosphine and/or a ternary alkyl amine.

Abstract: A quantum dot, a method of preparing the same, and an electronic apparatus including the same. The quantum dot includes: a core; and a shell around at least portion of the core. The core may include a first semiconductor compound including indium (In) and phosphorus (P), and in the first semiconductor compound, a ratio between the number of moles (mol) of In and the number of moles (mol) of P (MIn/MP) may be greater than 1.

Abstract: A quantum dot composition, including a first quantum dot and a second quantum dot, wherein a valence band maximum energy level of the first quantum dot is different from a valence band maximum energy level of the second quantum dot, as determined by ambient photoelectron spectroscopy, and an energy band gap of the first quantum dot is identical to an energy band gap of the second quantum dot, as determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device are provided. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The interlayer includes an emission layer, a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode. The emission layer includes a first quantum dot, the hole transport region includes a second quantum dot, and the electron transport region includes a third quantum dot. The first quantum dot to the third quantum dot may be understood by referring to the description of the first quantum dot to the third quantum dot provided herein.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the interlayer may include an emission layer and an electron transport layer, the electron transport layer may be between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport layer may include an electron transporting particle, the electron transporting particle may include a core, a first shell covering the core, and a second shell covering the first shell, the first shell may include a first compound, the second shell may include a second compound, the core may include a third compound, and the first compound and the second compound may each independently include an oxide, a chalcogenide, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A light emitting element includes: a member including a semiconductor layer and an active layer; and at least one ligand bonded to a surface of the member; wherein the at least one ligand includes: a first ligand including two or more functional group chains; and a second ligand having a shorter carbon length than the first ligand.

Abstract: A method of preparing a quantum dot, a quantum dot prepared by the method, an optical member including the quantum dot, and an apparatus including the quantum dot. The quantum dot may include: a core including a III-V compound; a first shell surrounding the core and including ZnSe; a second shell surrounding the first shell and including ZnSe1-xSx, wherein x may be a real number greater than 0 and smaller than 1; and a third shell surrounding the second shell and including ZnS. The method may include: forming the first shell from a first material including zinc and a second material including selenium in a solution; forming the second shell by adding to the solution a third material including zinc and a fourth material including selenium and sulfur; and forming the third shell by adding to the solution a fifth material including zinc.

Abstract: A quantum dot, and an ink composition, a light-emitting device, an optical member, and an apparatus, each including the quantum dot. The quantum dot includes: a nanoparticle; and at least one ligand on a surface of the nanoparticle, wherein the nanoparticle does not include mercury and cadmium, and the at least one ligand includes at least two thiol groups and at least one hydrophilic group.