Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor device, comprising: a bit line structure including a bit line contact plug, a bit line, and a bit line hard mask that are sequentially stacked over a substrate; a storage node contact plug that is spaced apart from the bit line structure; a conformal spacer that is positioned between the bit line and the storage node contact plug and includes a low-k material; and a seed liner that is positioned between the conformal spacer and the bit line and thinner than the conformal spacer.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a thermal processing apparatus and an operation method thereof capable of controlling a heat distribution of a substrate at a low cost in a thermal processing process using a microwave. According to the present disclosure, a thermal processing apparatus includes a chamber that forms a thermal processing space of a substrate, a substrate support unit that is located at a lower portion of the thermal processing space and supports the substrate, and a microwave unit that is located at an upper portion of the thermal processing space and forms an electromagnetic field by the microwave in the thermal processing space.

Abstract: A method of providing item information according to some example embodiments may include at least one of checking information on a main item according to a first input, identifying at least one additional item related to the main item, checking information on the at least one additional item, providing a first page including a first area containing the information on the main item, a second area containing the information on the at least one additional item, and a third area containing a first interface related to item purchase, identifying one or more additional items selected from the at least one additional item based on a second input corresponding to the second area, and providing information related to a purchase of a set item including the main item and the selected one or more additional items based on a third input corresponding to the first interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a long hole saw for a composite material insulation panel for easily cutting a steel sheet of a hard material and a heat insulator such as Styrofoam or urethane of a soft material in one direction, wherein it is possible to reduce shaking vibrations generated during the cutting and to easily, precisely, and stably drill holes when drilling holes for the installation of pipes, conduits, etc. into a composite material insulation panel used for wall or roof construction of a building.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a long hole saw for a composite material insulation panel for easily cutting a steel sheet of a hard material and a heat insulator such as Styrofoam or urethane of a soft material in one direction, wherein it is possible to reduce shaking vibrations generated during the cutting and to easily, precisely, and stably drill holes when drilling holes for the installation of pipes, conduits, etc. into a composite material insulation panel used for wall or roof construction of a building.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nonspecific immunostimulant composition, a preparation method thereof, and uses thereof. The composition includes 150 to 300 wt. parts of sodium silicate, 2˜8 wt. parts of sodium thiosulfate, 0.5˜2 wt. parts of sodium carbonate, 0.5˜2 wt. parts of potassium chloride, 200˜400 wt. parts of white sugar, and 300˜400 wt. parts of water, based on 100 wt. parts of potassium carbonate. The composition exhibits excellent defense against the mortality caused by AIV H5N1, thus improving the survival of infected animals. As a supplement of a formulated feed mixture for farmed aquatic organisms, the composition provides excellent immunostimulation and disease resistance so as to decrease the mass mortality of aquatic organisms and to increase productivity. Particularly, when raised with a food in mixture with the composition, livestock and farmed aquatic organisms are immunologically improved so that they can endure and are protected against epidemic diseases caused by viruses and bacteria.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cassette type modular water treatment package system for water treatment, including a container in which water treatment modules are installed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nonspecific immunostimulant composition, a preparation method thereof, and uses thereof. The composition includes 150 to 300 wt. parts of sodium silicate, 2˜8 wt. parts of sodium thiosulfate, 0.5˜2 wt. parts of sodium carbonate, 0.5˜2 wt. parts of potassium chloride, 200˜400 wt. parts of white sugar, and 300˜400 wt. parts of water, based on 100 wt. parts of potassium carbonate. The composition exhibits excellent defense against the mortality caused by AIV H5N1, thus improving the survival of infected animals. As a supplement of a formulated feed mixture for farmed aquatic organisms, the composition provides excellent immunostimulation and disease resistance so as to decrease the mass mortality of aquatic organisms and to increase productivity. Particularly, when raised with a food in mixture with the composition, livestock and farmed aquatic organisms are immunologically improved so that they can endure and are protected against epidemic diseases caused by viruses and bacteria.

Abstract: A virtual keyboard, an apparatus, and method using the virtual keyboard provide supplementary character input. The virtual keyboard includes basic character keys which correspond to basic characters of a basic character set corresponding to a currently set input language, respectively, and at least one character function keys. If the character function key is input, basic character keys corresponding to basic characters to which supplementary characters of at least one supplementary character sets corresponding to the input language are mapped respectively are switched to supplementary character keys of a supplementary character set which is set to correspond to the input character function key. Virtual key stamps of the corresponding basic characters are displayed on the basic character keys. Virtual key stamps of the corresponding supplementary characters are displayed on the supplementary character keys.

Abstract: Method and wireless terminal which has a messenger service function, for executing the messenger service function when subscriber information for executing the messenger service function is input are provided. The instant message is generated according to execution of the messenger service function. The generated instant message is stored while applying identifier information corresponding to the subscriber information to the generated instant message, when an instant message storage key is operated.

Abstract: A level shifter circuit of a semiconductor memory device prevents a leakage current from being generated in a deep power down mode.

Abstract: An ophthalmic formulation for treating myopia, which comprises a dopamine agonist and cyclodextrin or its derivative in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a release-controlled implantable composition comprising somatotropin, a bio-compatible wax and a water-soluble polymer. The present composition exhibits superior sustained effect with little side effects, which renders it suitable for long-term administration.