Abstract: Provided herein are methods of determining molecular binding kinetics on particles, such as magnetic nanoparticles. In some embodiments, the methods include introducing an incident light from a light source toward a sample container that comprises a particle-bound biomolecule-ligand composition comprising a plurality of particle-bound biomolecules and a plurality of ligands that binds, or is capable of binding, to biomolecules of the plurality of particle-bound biomolecules, detecting light scattered from particle-bound biomolecule-ligand complexes in the particle-bound biomolecule-ligand composition over a duration to produce a set of imaging data using the detector, and determining size or volume changes of one or more of the particle-bound biomolecule-ligand complexes during at least a portion of the duration from the set of imaging data to thereby determine the molecular binding kinetics on the particles. Related systems and computer readable media are also provided.

Abstract: A method (and structure) for a party (the prover) to prove its knowledge, jointly and non-malleably, of multiple secret (fixed and/or ephemeral) Diffie-Hellman exponents (DH-exponents), corresponding to its public (fixed and/or ephemeral) DH-components and with respect to the public (fixed and/or ephemeral) challenging DH-components from another party (the verifier). The joint proof-of-knowledge (JPOK) consists of secrets made by multiplying multiple DH-secrets, which can be generated and verified by each party by its own secret DH-exponents and the public DH-components of both parties. To ensure the non-malleability of the JPOK, the method makes all these multiplied DH-secrets to be independent, and makes the session-tag committed to the multiplied DH-secrets. In addition, the invented method makes the DH-secrets to be multiplied to further satisfy at least one of the following: (1) deniability; (2) pre-computability; and (3) post-ID computability.

Abstract: A method (and structure) for a party (the prover) to prove its knowledge, jointly and non-malleably, of multiple secret (fixed and/or ephemeral) Diffie-Hellman exponents (DH-exponents), corresponding to its public (fixed and/or ephemeral) DH-components and with respect to the public (fixed and/or ephemeral) challenging DH-components from another party (the verifier). The joint proof-of-knowledge (JPOK) consists of secrets made by multiplying multiple DH-secrets, which can be generated and verified by each party by its own secret DH-exponents and the public DH-components of both parties. To ensure the non-malleability of the JPOK, the method invented herein makes all these multiplied DH-secrets to be independent, and makes the session-tag committed to the multiplied DH-secrets.