Abstract: A method 200 of manufacturing a (part of) color ring is provided. The color ring converts a color of light emitted by a light emitter into at least one other color. The method (200) comprising the steps of: i) pressing (102) a first ring body of a first granulated precursor comprising a first luminescent material for converting the color of the light of the light emitter into a first one of the at least one other color, and ii) sintering (104) the first ring body for obtaining a first ceramic ring. The color ring comprises at least a segment of the first ceramic ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of laser sources (3), and for specifically to inhibiting damage due to misuse of a laser source (3), in particular of a high-power laser source (3) provided in a consumer product (1). The proposed device (1) includes at least a laser source (3) and a safety unit (2), wherein by means of the arrangement of the safety unit (2) it is provided that potential harm caused by misuse of the laser source (3) based on an unauthorized access to the laser source (3) is confined or even prevented by reducing the power level of the output of the laser source (3) or by even completely stopping any laser output therefrom. A corresponding method of providing a laser source (3) and a further method of preventing misuse of a laser source (3) are also proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of laser sources (3), and for specifically to inhibiting damage due to misuse of a laser source (3), in particular of a high-power laser source (3) provided in a consumer product (1). The proposed device (1) includes at least a laser source (3) and a safety unit (2), wherein by means of the arrangement of the safety unit (2) it is provided that potential harm caused by misuse of the laser source (3) based on an unauthorized access to the laser source (3) is confined or even prevented by reducing the power level of the output of the laser source (3) or by even completely stopping any laser output therefrom. A corresponding method of providing a laser source (3) and a further method of preventing misuse of a laser source (3) are also proposed.

Abstract: A method 200 of manufacturing a (part of) color ring is provided. The color ring converts a color of light emitted by a light emitter into at least one other color. The method (200) comprising the steps of: i) pressing (102) a first ring body of a first granulated precursor comprising a first luminescent material for converting the color of the light of the light emitter into a first one of the at least one other color, and ii) sintering (104) the first ring body for obtaining a first ceramic ring. The color ring comprises at least a segment of the first ceramic ring.

Abstract: The invention provides a projection system (100) comprising a projection light source (110) and a color wheel (120), wherein the projection light source (110) comprises a solid state light source (115), configured to generate a solid state light source beam (111) having a solid state light source beam cross-section. Upstream of the color wheel (120) beam shaping optics (161) are arranged, configured to shape the solid state light source beam cross-section into a rectangular cross-section. The color wheel (120) comprises regions (125) of different luminescent material (170), excitable by the solid state light source beam (111) and configured to generate, upon excitation by the solid state light source beam (111), visible light (116) for projection on an image panel (290). The regions (125) are arranged at different distances from an axis of rotation (122) of the color wheel (120).

Abstract: A device includes first and second material facing towards each other as to form at least one focusing microstructure with a focal point located outside of the first material.

Abstract: A method of irradiating to pattern a photosensitive layer such as a resist (L2) immersed in a fluid (L3), involves applying a removable transparent layer (L4, L5), projecting the radiation onto the resist through the immersion fluid and through the transparent layer, such that imperfections in the fluid are out of focus as projected on the surface, and subsequently removing the transparent layer. The transparent layer can help distance such imperfections from the focus of the radiation on the surface and so can reduce or eliminate shadowing. Hence the irradiation can be more complete, and defects reduced. It can be particularly effective for imperfections in the form of small bubbles or particles in the immersion fluid especially at the fluid/surface interface for example. The radiation can be for any purpose including inspection, processing, patterning and so on. The removal of the transparent layer can be combined with a step of developing the resist layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an illumination system(100), a high-pressure discharge lamp (90) and an image projection system. The illumination system comprises a high-pressure discharge lamp and a back reflector (30) reflecting the light emitted by the high-pressure discharge lamp towards a light exit window (50). The back reflector comprises an optical axis (55). The high-pressure discharge lamp comprises a discharge vessel (90) comprising two electrodes (98, 99) between which, during operation, a discharge arc is produced. The discharge vessel comprises a first part (10) arranged at least partially between the discharge arc and the back reflector, and a second part (20) arranged at least partially between the discharge arc and the light exit window. The second part has a different shape compared to the first part, thereby forming a refractive element in the second part for reducing an angular distribution at the light exit window of the light emitted from the discharge arc and refracted By the second part.

Abstract: In a method for evaluating the polarization state of an illumination system (52) in an optical system (50), a mask (56) is provided in the optical system (50) such that an illumination beam incident on the mask (56) is adapted such as to substantially differently diffract incident components of a light beam having different polarization states. An image of the mask (56) is then obtained, using an illumination beam of the illumination system (52) of the optical system (50). The obtained image, being either an intensity plot or a structure created in a resist layer by exposing the resist layer with the image of the mask (56), is then used to extract polarization related information about the illumination system (52). The image used for evaluating may be a diffraction image of the mask.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device comprising a first material (10) and a second material. (20) whereby the first and the second material are so provided towards each other as to form at least one focusing microstructure with a focal point (30) located outside of the first material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for analyzing one or more samples for the presence, amount or identity of one or more analytes in the samples, whereby the device comprises a focal microstructure for improving the signal/background ratio of an optical detection of the analytes.

Abstract: A method of irradiating to pattern a photosensitive layer such as a resist (L2) immersed in a fluid (L3), involves applying a removable transparent layer (L4, L5), projecting the radiation onto the resist through the immersion fluid and through the transparent layer, such that imperfections in the fluid are out of focus as projected on the surface, and subsequently removing the transparent layer. The transparent layer can help distance such imperfections from the focus of the radiation on the surface and so can reduce or eliminate shadowing. Hence the irradiation can be more complete, and defects reduced. It can be particularly effective for imperfections in the form of small bubbles or particles in the immersion fluid especially at the fluid/surface interface for example. The radiation can be for any purpose including inspection, processing, patterning and so on. The removal of the transparent layer can be combined with a step of developing the resist layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a fluid, comprising a vacuum chamber having an associated heater, to heat a condensable gas therewithin, a spray nozzle to atomize a cool fluid, having a non-condensible gas dissolved therewithin, a vacuum line to maintain reduced pressure in the vacuum chamber and remove non-condensing gas, and a control, for maintaining steady state conditions in the vacuum chamber by controlling pressure and temperature conditions. Gases condenses on the atomized droplets to release a latent heat of vaporization.