Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to acoustic data transmission using a spreading code. A system for acoustic data transmission includes an ingestible capsule and an acoustic receiver. The ingestible capsule includes a modulator, a spreader, and an acoustic transmitter. The modulator modulates data according to a modulation scheme. The spreader spreads the modulated data according to a spreading code. The acoustic transmitter acoustically transmits the modulated and spread data through a body of an animal. The acoustic. receiver includes an acoustic transducer a de-spreader and a demodulator. The acoustic transducer receives the acoustically transmitted signal and forms an electrical signal therefrom. The de-spreader de-spreads the received signal in accordance with the spreading code.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to ultrasound (acoustic) data transmission systems, in particular data transmission over wide-band acoustic channels with frequency-dependant multi-path propagation. More specifically, embodiments of the invention involve increasing the bit rate in the acoustic channel by means of utilization of the entire ultrasound spectrum available for data transmission inside a human body.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus relating to an OFDM data communications system where the sub-carriers are modulated using differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK). The multi-carrier transmitted signal is directly generated by means of summation of pre-computed sample points. As part of the multi-carrier signal generation, a signal for the guard interval is established. In an acoustic application of this approach, direct radiation of the sub-carrier approach is facilitated. Symbol synchronization in the receiver is based on signal correlation with the missed sub-carrier. Separation of the sub-carriers in the receiver by means of correlation of the received signal and reference signals that are derived from a table of pre-computed values. Optimal non-coherent processing of the sub-carriers without any phase tracking procedures is achieved.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to ultrasound (acoustic) data transmission systems, in particular data transmission over wide-band acoustic channels with frequency-dependant multi-path propagation. More specifically, embodiments of the invention involve increasing the bit rate in the acoustic channel by means of utilization of the entire ultrasound spectrum available for data transmission inside a human body.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus relating to an OFDM data communications system where the sub-carriers are modulated using differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK). The multi-carrier transmitted signal is directly generated by means of summation of pre-computed sample points. As part of the multi-carrier signal generation, a signal for the guard interval is established. In an acoustic application of this approach, direct radiation of the sub-carrier approach is facilitated. Symbol synchronization in the receiver is based on signal correlation with the missed sub-carrier. Separation of the sub-carriers in the receiver by means of correlation of the received signal and reference signals that are derived from a table of pre-computed values. Optimal non-coherent processing of the sub-carriers without any phase tracking procedures is achieved.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to ultrasound (acoustic) data transmission systems, in particular data transmission over wide-band acoustic channels with frequency-dependant multi-path propagation. More specifically, embodiments of the invention involve increasing the bit rate in the acoustic channel by means of utilization of the entire ultrasound spectrum available for data transmission inside a human body.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus relating to an OFDM data communications system where the sub-carriers are modulated using differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK). The multi-carrier transmitted signal is directly generated using a summation of pre-computed sample points. As part of the multi-carrier signal generation, a signal for the guard interval is established. In an acoustic application of this approach, direct radiation of the sub-carrier approach is facilitated. Symbol synchronization in the receiver is based on signal correlation with the missed sub-carrier. Separation of the sub-carriers in the receiver uses a correlation of the received signal and reference signals that are derived from a table of pre-computed values. Optimal non-coherent processing of the sub-carriers without any phase tracking procedures is achieved.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to ultrasound (acoustic) data transmission systems, in particular data transmission over wide-band acoustic channels with frequency-dependant multi-path propagation. More specifically, embodiments of the invention involve increasing the bit rate in the acoustic channel by means of utilization of the entire ultrasound spectrum available for data transmission inside a human body.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for demodulation and decoding of backscattered 16-QAM RFID tag signals, represented by their in-phase and quadrature components at the output of the demodulator in the receiver portion of a reader interrogator. In a communication channel with fast changing parameters, a reader receiver adaptively and coherently corrects the in-phase and quadrature-phase components of a signal received from a tag by tracking the phase and amplitude of the signal based on a decision-feedback. A reference signal is used to correct the signal components, where the coordinates of the reference signal is updated by a tracking and an averaging algorithm. A simple implementation of the receiver in a digital signal processing environment is enabled.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are described. In an aspect, a tag transmitter performs QAM signal mapping and quadrature modulation of a carrier wave (CW), to transmit a QAM response signal. In another aspect, a QAM-enabled reader receiver receives the QAM tag response signal, and performs quasi-coherent signal processing, based on tracking of QAM signal parameters in a decision feedback loop.