Abstract: A sensor probe provides a pair of unique signal paths through a test material, wherein one configuration of the probe provides identical external portions of the signal paths such that a selected parameter of a measuring signal passing along at least two of the unique signal paths is measured. From these measurements, a method is provided for calculating at least one parameter of the test material, wherein the parameter can include an intrinsic parameter as well as a condition of state.

Abstract: A method is provided for employing a transit time ultrasound sensor, wherein the sensor can be used for the measurement of liquid flow in a conduit, the sensor having an acoustic path formed of materials matched in ultrasound properties to a flow under test, and designed to conform to the shape of the conduit. The transit time ultrasound sensor can be configured as a clamp on device, wherein the conduit walls are constructed from such an ultrasonically-matched material. Alternately, the transit time ultrasound sensor can be employed in a perivascular configuration, wherein the ultrasonically-matched material is operably intermediate the blood vessel and the sensor.

Abstract: A transit time ultrasound sensor is employed for the measurement of liquid flow in a conduit, the sensor having an acoustic path formed of materials matched in ultrasound properties to the flow under test, and designed to conform to the shape of the conduit. The sensor can be configured as a clamp on device, wherein the conduit walls are constructed from such an ultrasonically-matched material. Alternately, in a perivascular configuration, the ultrasonically-matched material is operably intermediate the blood vessel and the sensor.

Abstract: A transit time ultrasound sensor is employed for the measurement of liquid flow in a conduit, the sensor having an acoustic path formed of materials matched in ultrasound properties to the flow under test, and designed to conform to the shape of the conduit. The sensor can be configured as a clamp on device, wherein the conduit walls are constructed from such an ultrasonically-matched material. Alternately, in a perivascular configuration, the ultrasonically-matched material is operably intermediate the blood vessel and the sensor.

Abstract: A sensor probe provides a pair of unique signal paths through a test material, wherein one configuration of the probe provides identical external portions of the signal paths such that a selected parameter of a measuring signal passing along at least two of the unique signal paths is measured. From these measurements, a method is provided for calculating at least one parameter of the test material, wherein the parameter can include an intrinsic parameter as well as a condition of state.

Abstract: A transit time ultrasound sensor is employed for the measurement of liquid flow in a conduit, the sensor having an acoustic path formed of materials matched in ultrasound properties to the flow under test, and designed to conform to the shape of the conduit. The sensor can be configured as a clamp on device, wherein the conduit walls are constructed from such an ultrasonically-matched material. Alternately, in a perivascular configuration, the ultrasonically-matched material is operably intermediate the blood vessel and the sensor.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow sensor probe for measuring fluid (liquid or gas) flow (e.g., blood flow) in vessels or tubes provides decreased sensitivity to flow distribution non-uniformities and decreased overall size by employing multiple angled reflector surfaces which cause incident ultrasonic waves from one or more ultrasonic transducers to pass through the flow volume multiple times and in multiple directions without changing the planar orientation of the ultrasound waves. The wave paths resulting from the multiple reflections and multidirectional illumination of the flow volume decreases the probe's size and sensitivity to spatial distribution non-uniformities. The multiple angled reflector surfaces also permit the transmitting and receiving ultrasonic transducers to be placed close to one another, thereby reducing the overall probe size and making them particularly useful in flow measurements on small blood vessels in very small animals.

Abstract: A probe includes a handle, neck, and sensor head. The neck consists of a stiff portion and a flexible portion. The neck is offset from the handle so that a hand of a surgeon holding the handle does not block the surgeon's view of sensor head. In another embodiment, the stiff portion includes three sections that have separate and distinct linear axes. The extended axis of the section adjacent the handle intersects the juncture of the flexible portion and the stiff portion of the neck, while the sensor head is connected to the flexible portion of the neck. The precise alignment of the handle and neck enables the precise placement of the sensor head around a small blood vessel.