Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes providing a monitoring device to an animal, the animal being monitored by a user having a user device, determining location data defining a spatial zone, determining location data of the monitoring device, sensing a movement of the animal using the monitoring device, and determining whether or not the monitoring device is connected to the user device via a first communication system when the movement of the animal exceeds a movement threshold. The method also includes determining whether or not the monitoring device is connected to a second communication system when the monitoring device is not connected to the user device via the first communication system, and determining whether or not the monitoring device is located in the spatial zone by comparing the location data defining the spatial zone with the location data of the monitoring device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes providing a monitoring device to an animal, the animal being monitored by a user having a user device, determining location data defining a spatial zone, determining location data of the monitoring device, sensing a movement of the animal using the monitoring device, and determining whether or not the monitoring device is connected to the user device via a first communication system when the movement of the animal exceeds a movement threshold. The method also includes determining whether or not the monitoring device is connected to a second communication system when the monitoring device is not connected to the user device via the first communication system, and determining whether or not the monitoring device is located in the spatial zone by comparing the location data defining the spatial zone with the location data of the monitoring device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes providing a monitoring device to an animal, the animal being monitored by a user having a user device, determining location data defining a spatial zone, determining location data of the monitoring device, sensing a movement of the animal using the monitoring device, and determining whether or not the monitoring device is connected to the user device via a first communication system when the movement of the animal exceeds a movement threshold. The method also includes determining whether or not the monitoring device is connected to a second communication system when the monitoring device is not connected to the user device via the first communication system, and determining whether or not the monitoring device is located in the spatial zone by comparing the location data defining the spatial zone with the location data of the monitoring device.

Abstract: Described is a paid search advertising technology in which ratings values are computed for advertisements (or other web content items) based upon head-to-head evaluations as to which advertisement or advertisements were selected (clicked) from among a set of advertisements that were shown together. Records of a query log contain data of advertisements that were shown together, and each advertisement of those shown together that was clicked. Pairs of advertisements are selected, with the rating value of an advertisement that was clicked increased, and the rating value of the non-clicked advertisement decreased. Only those pairs in which one advertisement was selected and another was not selected may be used as a pair. Elo ratings formulas may be employed for the increasing and decreasing computations. The rating values may be combined with other prediction results into a combined result used to select and/or rank advertisements for returning with a query response.