Abstract: An actuator having good interlayer adhesion at a lamination interface, good conductivity of an electrode layer, and good smoothness of the electrode layer is provided. The actuator includes a plurality of elastomer layers and a plurality of electrode layers, and the elastomer layers and electrode layers are alternately laminated. The electrode layer contains carbon black, a content of the carbon black in the electrode layer is 10% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and a specific surface area of the carbon black is 380 g/m2 or more and 800 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment includes a base, a first conductor, a second conductor, a first pillar, a first insulating member, and a first contact. The first conductor is provided in a first layer above the base. The second conductor is provided above the first conductor. The first pillar includes a first portion and a second portion formed by different bodies. The first portion of the first pillar is provided to penetrate the first conductor. The second portion of the first pillar is provided to penetrate the second conductor. The first insulating member is provided at least in the first layer. The first contact is contacting the second conductor above the first insulating member.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus drives an inverter which supplies and receives electric power with respect to a motor by pulse width modulation. The motor control apparatus sets a frequency of a carrier such that a frequency of a sideband wave component of the carrier which is used for the pulse width modulation and a frequency of a predetermined rotation order of the motor become different from each other.

Abstract: A control arithmetic unit uses a control storage area to compute a target control amount for combustion of an internal combustion engine according to a user required torque. A monitoring arithmetic unit uses a monitoring storage area to perform computation and to monitor presence or absence of a torque anomaly state in which an estimated torque is deviated from an engine required torque by a predetermined amount or more. The monitoring arithmetic unit computes the estimated torque by using a blow through state amount. The blow through state amount is a quantity of intake air blowing through out of an exhaust port in an intake stroke of the internal combustion engine, a degree to which intake air blows through out of the exhaust port, or an in-cylinder air quantity which is a quantity of air filled into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment includes a base, a first conductor, a second conductor, a first pillar, a first insulating member, and a first contact. The first conductor is provided in a first layer above the base. The second conductor is provided above the first conductor. The first pillar includes a first portion and a second portion formed by different bodies. The first portion of the first pillar is provided to penetrate the first conductor. The second portion of the first pillar is provided to penetrate the second conductor. The first insulating member is provided at least in the first layer. The first contact is contacting the second conductor above the first insulating member.

Abstract: A control arithmetic unit uses a control storage area and computes a target control amount for combustion of an internal combustion engine according to a user required torque. A monitoring arithmetic unit uses a monitoring storage area and performs computation and monitoring of presence or absence of a torque anomaly state in which an estimated torque is deviated from an engine required torque by a predetermined amount or more. The monitoring arithmetic unit includes an engine required torque computation unit that computes the engine required torque and an estimated torque computation unit that computes the estimated torque. The engine required torque computation unit computes a reduction in an actual torque, which is caused in conjunction with a retard in ignition timing of the internal combustion engine, as a reserve torque and computes the engine required torque based on the calculated reserve torque and the user required torque.

Abstract: A control arithmetic unit uses a control storage area to compute a target control amount for combustion of an internal combustion engine according to a user required torque. A monitoring arithmetic unit uses a monitoring storage area to perform computation and to monitor presence or absence of a torque anomaly state in which an estimated torque is deviated from an engine required torque by a predetermined amount or more. The monitoring arithmetic unit computes the estimated torque by using a blow through state amount. The blow through state amount is a quantity of intake air blowing through out of an exhaust port in an intake stroke of the internal combustion engine, a degree to which intake air blows through out of the exhaust port, or an in-cylinder air quantity which is a quantity of air filled into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A control arithmetic unit uses a control storage area and computes a target control amount for combustion of an internal combustion engine according to a user required torque. A monitoring arithmetic unit uses a monitoring storage area and performs computation and monitoring of presence or absence of a torque anomaly state in which an estimated torque is deviated from an engine required torque by a predetermined amount or more. The monitoring arithmetic unit includes an engine required torque computation unit that computes the engine required torque and an estimated torque computation unit that computes the estimated torque. The engine required torque computation unit computes a reduction in an actual torque, which is caused in conjunction with a retard in ignition timing of the internal combustion engine, as a reserve torque and computes the engine required torque based on the calculated reserve torque and the user required torque.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus drives an inverter which supplies and receives electric power with respect to a motor by pulse width modulation. The motor control apparatus sets a frequency of a carrier such that a frequency of a sideband wave component of the carrier which is used for the pulse width modulation and a frequency of a predetermined rotation order of the motor become different from each other.

Abstract: An engine (10) is a cylinder injection engine, and includes an injector (21) that directly injects a fuel into a combustion chamber (23), and an ignition plug (34) that generates an ignition spark in the combustion chamber (23). An ECU (40) performs multiple first injections to each produce an air-fuel mixture of a lean air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (23) before an ignition in one combustion cycle of the engine, and performs a second injection to produce an air-fuel mixture of a rich air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (23) before the ignition and after the first injection. In particular, the ECU implements the multiple first injections in such a manner that the first injection implemented early among the multiple first injections produces an air-fuel mixture leaner than that of the first injection implemented subsequently. The ECU implements the second injection only once immediately before an ignition timing.

Abstract: An engine (10) is a cylinder injection engine, and includes an injector (21) that directly injects a fuel into a combustion chamber (23), and an ignition plug (34) that generates an ignition spark in the combustion chamber (23). An ECU (40) performs multiple first injections to each produce an air-fuel mixture of a lean air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (23) before an ignition in one combustion cycle of the engine, and performs a second injection to produce an air-fuel mixture of a rich air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (23) before the ignition and after the first injection. In particular, the ECU implements the multiple first injections in such a manner that the first injection implemented early among the multiple first injections produces an air-fuel mixture leaner than that of the first injection implemented subsequently. The ECU implements the second injection only once immediately before an ignition timing.

Abstract: An engine (10) is a cylinder injection engine, and includes an injector (21) that directly injects a fuel into a combustion chamber (23), and an ignition plug (34) that generates an ignition spark in the combustion chamber (23). An ECU (40) performs multiple first injections to each produce an air-fuel mixture of a lean air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (23) before an ignition in one combustion cycle of the engine, and performs a second injection to produce an air-fuel mixture of a rich air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (23) before the ignition and after the first injection. In particular, the ECU implements the multiple first injections in such a manner that the first injection implemented early among the multiple first injections produces an air-fuel mixture leaner than that of the first injection implemented subsequently. The ECU implements the second injection only once immediately before an ignition timing.

Abstract: An engine (10) is a cylinder injection engine, and includes an injector (21) that directly injects a fuel into a combustion chamber (23), and an ignition plug (34) that generates an ignition spark in the combustion chamber (23). An ECU (40) performs multiple first injections to each produce an air-fuel mixture of a lean air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (23) before an ignition in one combustion cycle of the engine, and performs a second injection to produce an air-fuel mixture of a rich air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (23) before the ignition and after the first injection. In particular, the ECU implements the multiple first injections in such a manner that the first injection implemented early among the multiple first injections produces an air-fuel mixture leaner than that of the first injection implemented subsequently. The ECU implements the second injection only once immediately before an ignition timing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a malfunction diagnosing apparatus for an engine which enables selection of a fuel to be supplied to a tank from fuels having different properties. The apparatus includes a determining unit determining whether fuel has been supplied to the tank, a sensor detecting a property of the fuel supplied from the tank to an injection valve, an air-fuel ratio control unit determining an air-fuel ratio correction amount according to a difference between a target air-fuel ratio and an actual air-fuel ratio and according to the property of the fuel sensed by the sensor to correct a fuel injection quantity using the air-fuel ratio correction amount, and a diagnosing unit that definitively diagnoses malfunctions of the determining unit, the sensor, and a fuel system, based on a combination of a determination by the determining unit, detection by the sensor, and the air-fuel ratio correction amount or the difference.

Abstract: A nitrogen-enriched gas supplying device includes a bypass passage and a gas separating membrane, so as to supply nitrogen-enriched gas to an internal combustion engine. The bypass passage introduces a part of exhaust gas from an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine into an intake passage of the internal combustion engine. The gas separating membrane is arranged in the bypass passage. The gas separating membrane is configured to separate carbon dioxide from exhaust gas introduced into the bypass passage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a malfunction diagnosing apparatus for an engine which enables selection of a fuel to be supplied to a tank from fuels having different properties. The apparatus includes a determining unit determining whether fuel has been supplied to the tank, a sensor detecting a property of the fuel supplied from the tank to an injection valve, an air-fuel ratio control unit determining an air-fuel ratio correction amount according to a difference between a target air-fuel ratio and an actual air-fuel ratio and according to the property of the fuel sensed by the sensor to correct a fuel injection quantity using the air-fuel ratio correction amount, and a diagnosing unit that definitively diagnoses malfunctions of the determining unit, the sensor, and a fuel system, based on a combination of a determination by the determining unit, detection by the sensor, and the air-fuel ratio correction amount or the difference.