Abstract: A keyboard system comprises a key structure including a key switch with a lighting element and phototransistor, and one or more processors that drive the lighting element for a first pulse duration. The output of the phototransistor is determined at the end of the first pulse duration, wherein the key structure is determined to be pressed when the output is below a first output value at an end of the first pulse duration, and unpressed when the output of the phototransistor is above a second output value at the end of the first pulse duration. A fall-time of the output during the first pulse duration is determined and the first pulse duration is calibrated to a second pulse duration when the fall time less than the first pulse duration, the second pulse duration being greater than the fall time and less than the first pulse duration.

Abstract: A keyboard system including a plurality of hybrid key structures configured in an array of subarrays, each of the plurality of hybrid key structures configured within a subarray and including a depressible element, a first type of key switch configured to generate a first signal when the depressible element is activated, a second type of key switch configured to generate a second signal when the depressible element is activated, and processor(s) configured to: receive a first signal from an activated hybrid key structure when its corresponding depressible element is activated; determine a corresponding subarray that the activated hybrid key structure is configured within; scan the corresponding subarray for a generated second signal; detect the generated second signal from the corresponding subarray; identify the activated hybrid key structure based on the detected, generated second signal; and register a key press for the identified activated hybrid key structure.

Abstract: A keyboard system comprises a key structure including a key switch with a lighting element and phototransistor, and one or more processors that drive the lighting element for a first pulse duration. The output of the phototransistor is determined at the end of the first pulse duration, wherein the key structure is determined to be pressed when the output is below a first output value at an end of the first pulse duration, and unpressed when the output of the phototransistor is above a second output value at the end of the first pulse duration. A fall-time of the output during the first pulse duration is determined and the first pulse duration is calibrated to a second pulse duration when the fall time less than the first pulse duration, the second pulse duration being greater than the fall time and less than the first pulse duration.

Abstract: A keyboard system comprises a key structure including a key switch with a lighting element and phototransistor, and one or more processors that drive the lighting element for a first pulse duration. The output of the phototransistor is determined at the end of the first pulse duration, wherein the key structure is determined to be pressed when the output is below a first output value at an end of the first pulse duration, and unpressed when the output of the phototransistor is above a second output value at the end of the first pulse duration. A fall-time of the output during the first pulse duration is determined and the first pulse duration is calibrated to a second pulse duration when the fall time less than the first pulse duration, the second pulse duration being greater than the fall time and less than the first pulse duration.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a scroll wheel module that may be mounted in a mouse. The scroll wheel module may include a base plate; a carriage coupled to the base plate, wherein the carriage defines a cradle space comprising a first side wall; a scroll wheel at least partially rotatably received within the cradle space, wherein the scroll wheel comprises a shaft defining a hollow interior; a circuit board comprising a first leg and a second leg coupled with each other, wherein the first leg is coupled to the first side wall, and the second leg extends in the hollow interior of the shaft; and one or more light emitting elements coupled to the second leg of the circuit board.

Abstract: A keyboard system including a plurality of hybrid key structures configured in an array of subarrays, each of the plurality of hybrid key structures configured within a subarray and including a depressible element, a first type of key switch configured to generate a first signal when the depressible element is activated, a second type of key switch configured to generate a second signal when the depressible element is activated, and processor(s) configured to: receive a first signal from an activated hybrid key structure when its corresponding depressible element is activated; determine a corresponding subarray that the activated hybrid key structure is configured within; scan the corresponding subarray for a generated second signal; detect the generated second signal from the corresponding subarray; identify the activated hybrid key structure based on the detected, generated second signal; and register a key press for the identified activated hybrid key structure.

Abstract: A keyboard system comprises a key structure including a key switch with a lighting element and phototransistor, and one or more processors that drive the lighting element for a first pulse duration. The output of the phototransistor is determined at the end of the first pulse duration, wherein the key structure is determined to be pressed when the output is below a first output value at an end of the first pulse duration, and unpressed when the output of the phototransistor is above a second output value at the end of the first pulse duration. A fall-time of the output during the first pulse duration is determined and the first pulse duration is calibrated to a second pulse duration when the fall time less than the first pulse duration, the second pulse duration being greater than the fall time and less than the first pulse duration.

Abstract: A keyboard system including a plurality of hybrid key structures configured in an array of subarrays, each of the plurality of hybrid key structures configured within a subarray and including a depressible element, a first type of key switch configured to generate a first signal when the depressible element is activated, a second type of key switch configured to generate a second signal when the depressible element is activated, and processor(s) configured to: receive a first signal from an activated hybrid key structure when its corresponding depressible element is activated; determine a corresponding subarray that the activated hybrid key structure is configured within; scan the corresponding subarray for a generated second signal; detect the generated second signal from the corresponding subarray; identify the activated hybrid key structure based on the detected, generated second signal; and register a key press for the identified activated hybrid key structure.

Abstract: A method for producing 9,9-bis(3-phenyl-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)fluorene is provided. The method includes the steps of: performing a condensation reaction with fluorenone and 2-[(2-phenyl)phenoxy]ethanol in the presence of a catalyst and co-catalyst, wherein the catalyst is alkylsulfonic acid, and the co-catalyst is a mercapto-containing compound, thereby effectively reducing the formation of a by-product, such that the product has characteristics of low chroma, high purity, and high yield.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing o-phenyl phenoxyalkyl acrylate, including: transesterifying an acrylate-based compound with a biphenyl alcohol compound in the absence of a solvent and in the presence of a catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor to prepare the o-phenyl phenoxyalkyl acrylate represented by the following formula (II), wherein the catalyst is a compound containing a tin element or a titanium element. According to the method of the present disclosure, the o-phenyl phenoxyalkyl acrylate having transparency and high refractive index can be obtained. Moreover, the method of the present disclosure has the characteristics of high conversion rate and high selectivity, and does not need to add other organic solvents, so that many purification processes can be saved, and the production cost is effectively reduced, which has the value of industrial application.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing o-phenyl phenoxyalkyl acrylate, including: transesterifying an acrylate-based compound with a biphenyl alcohol compound in the absence of a solvent and in the presence of a catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor to prepare the o-phenyl phenoxyalkyl acrylate represented by the following formula (II), wherein the catalyst is a compound containing a tin element or a titanium element. According to the method of the present disclosure, the o-phenyl phenoxyalkyl acrylate having transparency and high refractive index can be obtained. Moreover, the method of the present disclosure has the characteristics of high conversion rate and high selectivity, and does not need to add other organic solvents, so that many purification processes can be saved, and the production cost is effectively reduced, which has the value of industrial application.

Abstract: New compositions, for example, corrosion inhibited compositions, and the like compositions and new methods of using such compositions are disclosed. Such compositions may be liquid solutions, for example, substantially without solid material formation and/or crystal formation, and may include different concentrations of organic acid components and/or different combinations of organic acid components relative to previous compositions. The present compositions may be used as antifreeze coolant compositions or formulations, for example, in the cooling systems of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: New compositions, for example, corrosion inhibited compositions, and the like compositions and new methods of using such compositions are disclosed. Such compositions may be liquid solutions, for example, substantially without solid material formation and/or crystal formation, and may include different concentrations of organic acid components and/or different combinations of organic acid components relative to previous compositions. The present compositions may be used as antifreeze coolant compositions or formulations, for example, in the cooling systems of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Methods of treating aqueous coolants in open circulating water cooling tower systems are provided. The methods including placing a controlled release additive composition in contact with an open circulating aqueous coolant in an open circulating water cooling tower system. The controlled release additive composition includes a core having at least one additive selected from corrosion inhibitors and scale inhibitors; and a coating, for example, a polymeric coating, substantially surrounding the core. The coating is substantially insoluble in the aqueous coolant, and is effective to slow the release of the at least one additive into the aqueous coolant.

Abstract: A coolant additive composition comprising a sustained release component and an additive component, the additive component is effective to provide at least one benefit to a coolant when released into the coolant, the sustained release component includes a polymeric material and is effective to reduce the rate of release of the additive component into the coolant relative to an identical composition without the sustained release component.

Abstract: A controlled-release additive composition for use in aqueous systems. The composition comprises a core containing at least one additive component and a polymeric coating encapsulating said core. The controlled released cooling additive composition slowly releases the additive components to aqueous system, thereby delivering an effective concentration level of additive components over an extended period.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel filter for use with internal combustion engines. The fuel filter includes a fuel additive that can be released into fuel. The rate of release for the fuel can be controlled. In one form the fuel additive can be mixed with a matrix material and released at a substantially constant rate to maintain a uniform level of fuel additive in the fuel. Use of the present invention provides a fuel filter having an extended life span that is longer than fuel filters typically used with combustion engines.

Abstract: A controlled-release additive composition for use in aqueous systems. The composition comprises a core containing at least one additive component and a polymeric coating encapsulating said core. The controlled released cooling additive composition slowly releases the additive components to aqueous system, thereby delivering an effective concentration level of additive components over an extended period.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising a sustained release component and an additive component, the additive component is effective to provide at least one benefit to a fuel when released into the fuel, the sustained release component is (1) a polymeric material, (2) substantially insoluble in the fuel, and (3) effective to reduce the rate of release of the additive component into the fuel relative to an identical composition without the sustained release component.

Abstract: A chemical composition and method of deployment into a coolant or coolant systems to provide at least one benefit to the system. The additive compositions includes a silicate component and a silicate stabilizer, the compositions being in the form of a solid, a non-flowable semi-solid or a flowable semi-solid which is dissolved into a coolant and enters the cooling system so as to provide at least one benefit to a coolant system when released, for example, to protect an engine. The method of deployment into the coolant and subsequently the cooling systems includes injecting or dissolving the additive into the coolant, forming the additive to the housing of the system or forming the coolant to the filter located in the housing of the cooling system.