Abstract: For diagnosing gastric cancer by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging or endocytoscopy with narrow-band imaging where light of narrow-band width is used for observation, a high-performance diagnostic method was established. In place of staining with a dye conducted in other organs, pronase is orally administered prior to endoscopic examination and topically administered under endoscopic observation as needed. In this manner, endoscopy can be performed without promoting production of mucosal fluid. In conventional endoscopic examination, a lesion is found and definitive diagnosis is made based on pathological examination. In contrast, this method can provide high diagnostic performance, suggesting that accurate diagnosis equivalent to that provided by pathological examination can be made by endoscopy. Removal of mucosal fluid with pronase is useful in magnifying endoscopy and endocytoscopy.

Abstract: A device including a well array including wells in which a target substance is detected based on a biochemical reaction thereof. Each of the wells has an aspect ratio of 1 or more as calculated by Formula (1) such that the biochemical reaction of the target substance is detected, Aspect ratio=Depth of each well/Diameter of largest circle among circles included in a region enclosed by a rim of each well??Formula (1).

Abstract: A gear speed change system includes an input shaft, an output shaft coaxial therewith, a first counter shaft disposed parallel to the input and output shafts, and a second counter shaft coaxial with the first counter shaft. The input shaft and the first counter shaft, and the second counter shaft and the output shaft are coupled at a fixed ratio, respectively. One of gear sets selectively couples the input shaft to the second counter shaft and the output shaft to the first counter shaft, respectively. A clutch is provided between the first and the second counter shafts. With this construction, speed changes by the first counter shaft, the second counter shaft, and the combination of the first and second counter shafts may be effected, thereby reducing the number of required gear sets as compared with that of the speed change steps. The first counter shaft and the second counter shaft may be replaced with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a lubrication mechanism in a parallel dual-shaft type gear transmission which includes intermediate plate arranged between a transmission case and an extension housing and an output shaft and a counter shaft arranged in parallel relation in the transmission case. The lubrication mechanism comprises an oil guiding rib formed along an outer circumference of a small diametrical counter gear arranged in the vicinity of the intermediate plate. With this arrangement, a lubricating oil may be sufficiently supplied to desired areas in the gear transmission by means of a small diametrical counter gear.

Abstract: Disclosed herein in a mount structure where a shift lever retainer for spherically supporting a shift lever is mounted through a vibration damping member to a transmission case by a bolt, a vibration damping structure comprising a stopper means for preventing horizontal and vertical deformations of the vibration damping member greater than a predetermined amount. With this arrangement, there is no possibility that rigid feeling in operating of the shift lever is decreased, that is, shift feeling is deteriorated. Further, vibration of the shift lever and associated noise may be greatly reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing gear buzzing in shifting to reverse which is applied to a manual transmission having a plurality of forward gear means provided with synchronous meshing mechanisms and a reverse gear means provided with a selective sliding-gear meshing mechanism driven through a reverse idler gear. An inclined guide surface is formed on a forward shift head, and a projection is formed on a shift-and-select lever. The projection is brought into contact with and slides on the inclined guide surface. A clearance is provided between the forward shift head and an interlocking mechanism so as to permit slight shifting movement of the shift head.

Abstract: An oil seal packing lubricating system of a manual transmission in which the lubricant is supplied from outside of the oil seal packing, including a lubricant introducing rib for guiding the lubricant fed from outside to a lip surface of the oil seal packing in a zone where an outer surface of the input shaft moves upwardly during its rotation, and at least one lubricant deflecting rib for deflecting a swirling flow of lubricant toward the lip surface of the oil seal packing. The Lubricant deflecting rib is shaped such that it draws nearer to the outer surface of the input shaft in going in the direction of rotation of the input shaft.

Abstract: A clutch disk of the type having a hub and a clutch plate operatively connected by at least two endless elastomer belts, each of which is entrained over a pair of bushings, one of which is mounted on a hub pin attached to the hub and the other of which is mounted on a plate pin attached to the clutch plate. Each of the bushings is defined by a semicylindrical side wall and a pair of flat side walls adjacent to the semicylindrical side wall and extending parallel to each other. Opposite belt runs of the elastomer belt act on the flat side walls of the bushing to forcibly rotate the bushing around the pin.