Abstract: Each of SCUs to includes: a voltage switching unit that performs a first voltage switching to increase an oxygen concentration in a gas chamber and a second voltage switching to decrease the oxygen concentration in the gas chamber after the execution of the first voltage switching; an output change calculation unit that calculates an output change parameter indicating a change in output of the sensor cell according to the voltage switching; a concentration difference calculation unit that calculates a concentration difference parameter indicating a concentration difference in the oxygen concentration or in the concentration of the specific gas in the detection target gas between before the first voltage switching and after the second voltage switching; and a deterioration determination unit that determines a deterioration state of the sensor cell based on the output change parameter and the concentration difference parameter.

Abstract: An SCU as a control device for the gas sensor (first and second NOx sensors) includes an applied voltage switching unit for switching an applied voltage of a pump cell when a deterioration detecting function is performed, and a deterioration rate calculation unit for calculating a deterioration rate of a sensor cell based on a slope during a transient change in an output of the sensor cell according to a switching of the applied voltage by the applied voltage switching unit.

Abstract: A sensor element of a gas sensor includes a solid electrolyte body, a first insulator, a gas chamber, a second insulator, a reference gas duct, a pump electrode, a sensor electrode, a reference electrode, and a shield layer. The shield layer is formed of an insulating ceramic material and covers a sensor-side electrode portion of the reference electrode, the sensor-side electrode portion being arranged to overlap the sensor electrode through the solid electrolyte body.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a measurement chamber, a reference gas chamber, a first cell that includes a first electrode in the measurement chamber and a second electrode in the reference gas chamber, and a second cell that includes a third electrode in the measurement chamber and a fourth electrode in the reference gas chamber. The gas sensor detects a first current that flows through the first cell, detects a second current that flows through the second cell, calculates a concentration of a specific gas component based on a detected value of the second current, determines whether a change has occurred in an oxygen concentration in the reference gas chamber based on a detected value of the first current, and corrects the detected value of the second current when the gas sensor determines that a change has occurred in the oxygen concentration in the reference gas chamber.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a measurement chamber, a reference gas chamber, a first cell, and a second cell. The first cell includes a first electrode in the measurement chamber and a second electrode in the reference gas chamber. The second cell includes a third electrode in the measurement chamber and a fourth electrode in the reference gas chamber. A gas sensor detects a first current that flows between the first electrode and the second electrode, detects a second current that flows between the third electrode and the fourth electrode, calculates a concentration of a specific gas component based on a detected value of the second current, estimates a change amount of oxygen concentration in the reference gas chamber based on a detected value of the first current, and corrects the detected value of the second current based on an estimated value of the change amount of the oxygen concentration.

Abstract: A gas sensor, an oxygen concentration measuring unit, and a computation unit are included. The gas sensor measures a concentration CNOX of specific gas contained in measured gas. The oxygen concentration measuring unit measures a concentration CO2 of oxygen in the measured gas outside the gas sensor. The gas sensor has a measured gas chamber, a reference gas chamber, a diffusion resistance unit, a pump cell, and a sensor cell. The computation unit computes a concentration CNOX of the specific gas by using the concentration CO2 of oxygen measured by using the oxygen concentration measurement unit and the sensor current.

Abstract: Each of SCUs to includes: a voltage switching unit that performs a first voltage switching to increase an oxygen concentration in a gas chamber and a second voltage switching to decrease the oxygen concentration in the gas chamber after the execution of the first voltage switching; an output change calculation unit that calculates an output change parameter indicating a change in output of the sensor cell according to the voltage switching; a concentration difference calculation unit that calculates a concentration difference parameter indicating a concentration difference in the oxygen concentration or in the concentration of the specific gas in the detection target gas between before the first voltage switching and after the second voltage switching; and a deterioration determination unit that determines a deterioration state of the sensor cell based on the output change parameter and the concentration difference parameter.

Abstract: An SCU as a control device for the gas sensor (first and second NOx sensors) includes an applied voltage switching unit for switching an applied voltage of a pump cell when a deterioration detecting function is performed, and a deterioration rate calculation unit for calculating a deterioration rate of a sensor cell based on a slope during a transient change in an output of the sensor cell according to a switching of the applied voltage by the applied voltage switching unit.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition for a solar cell contains a conductive powder, a glass frit, and a vehicle. The glass fit includes glass containing SO2 within a range of 0.05 to 5.0 (mol %) in terms of oxide.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition for a solar cell includes a conductive powder, a glass frit, and a vehicle, the glass frit consisting of glass containing 0.6 to 18.0 (mol %) Li2O, at least one of 0.1 to 6.0 (mol %) P2O5 and 0.1 to 4.0 (mol %) Sb2O5, 20 to 62 (mol %) PbO, 1 to 18 (mol %) B2O3, 18 to 65 (mol %) SiO2, 0 to 6 (mol %) Al2O3, 0 to 6 (mol %) TiO2, and 0 to 30 (mol %) ZnO in oxide conversion, the glass having a ratio of Pb/Si (mol ratio) within a range of 0.5 to 1.7.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition for a solar cell contains a conductive powder, a glass frit, and a vehicle. The glass fit includes glass containing SO2 within a range of 0.05 to 5.0 (mol %) in terms of oxide.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition for a solar cell includes a conductive powder, a glass frit, and a vehicle, the glass frit consisting of glass containing 0.6 to 18.0 (mol %) Li2O, at least one of 0.1 to 6.0 (mol %) P2O5 and 0.1 to 4.0 (mol %) Sb2O5, 20 to 62 (mol %) PbO, 1 to 18 (mol %) B2O3, 18 to 65 (mol %) SiO2, 0 to 6 (mol %) Al2O3, 0 to 6 (mol %) TiO2, and 0 to 30 (mol %) ZnO in oxide conversion, the glass having a ratio of Pb/Si (mol ratio) within a range of 0.5 to 1.7.