Abstract: The invention provides a single-stranded oligonucleotide represented by the formula (I), wherein X and Y hybridize by a first nucleotide sequence portion and a second nucleotide sequence portion. X is composed of 7 to 100 nucleotides, contains at least one modified-nucleotide, and has a first nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing with a second oligonucleotide. Y is composed of 4 to 100 nucleotides, enables hybridization with the above-mentioned first oligonucleotide, and has a second nucleotide sequence containing at least one ribonucleotide. At least one of the nucleotide sequences X, Xz and Y has an antisense sequence capable of hybridizing with a target RNA. At least one of L, Lx and Ly is a linking group that contains a non-nucleotide structure.

Abstract: An engine cooling system includes a coolant circulation path, which circulates coolant between the water jacket and the radiator of an internal combustion engine, a pump, a control valve, which is provided in the coolant circulation path, and a controller. The controller executes a warming-up promotion control and a pressure relaxation control. In the pressure relaxation control, the controller controls the aperture ratio of the radiator port such that the lower the temperature of the radiator, the lower becomes the engine rotational speed at which the aperture ratio of the radiator port is increased.

Abstract: An engine cooling system includes a coolant circulation path, which circulates coolant between the water jacket and the radiator of an internal combustion engine, a pump, a control valve, which is provided in the coolant circulation path, and a controller. The controller executes a warming-up promotion control and a pressure relaxation control. In the pressure relaxation control, the controller controls the aperture ratio of the radiator port such that the lower the temperature of the radiator, the lower becomes the engine rotational speed at which the aperture ratio of the radiator port is increased.

Abstract: An EGR valve includes an aluminum valve body, an outer metal ring, an inner resin ring, a butterfly valve, and a seal ring. The valve body includes a gas passage therein. The gas passage is part of an EGR passage, through which EGR gas is returned from an exhaust passage to intake passage of an engine. The outer ring has a cylindrical shape, and is fixed and disposed on an inner wall of the gas passage. The inner ring has a cylindrical shape, and is disposed on an inner peripheral wall of the outer ring. The butterfly valve opens or closes an inside of the inner ring, and includes a seal fitting groove at an outer peripheral edge of the butterfly valve. The seal ring is fitted into the groove, and seals a clearance between the butterfly valve and the inner ring when the butterfly valve is closed.

Abstract: An EGR valve includes an aluminum valve body, an outer metal ring, an inner resin ring, a butterfly valve, and a seal ring. The valve body includes a gas passage therein. The gas passage is part of an EGR passage, through which EGR gas is returned from an exhaust passage to intake passage of an engine. The outer ring has a cylindrical shape, and is fixed and disposed on an inner wall of the gas passage. The inner ring has a cylindrical shape, and is disposed on an inner peripheral wall of the outer ring. The butterfly valve opens or closes an inside of the inner ring, and includes a seal fitting groove at an outer peripheral edge of the butterfly valve. The seal ring is fitted into the groove, and seals a clearance between the butterfly valve and the inner ring when the butterfly valve is closed.

Abstract: A fuel ignition system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The fuel ignition system is adapted to allow a photocatalyst to ignite a mixture by using a light energy irradiated from a light generator. The fuel ignition system includes: a combustion chamber; the photocatalyst provided in the combustion chamber; and a light generator for flatly irradiating the light energy to the photocatalyst.

Abstract: A fuel ignition system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The fuel ignition system is adapted to allow a photocatalyst to ignite a mixture by using a light energy irradiated from a light generator. The fuel ignition system includes: a combustion chamber; the photocatalyst provided in the combustion chamber; and a light generator for flatly irradiating the light energy to the photocatalyst.

Abstract: A photocatalytic ignition system is provided that basically comprises an ignition chamber, a photocatalyst and a light source. The ignition chamber is configured to receive an air fuel mixture. The photocatalyst is arranged in the ignition chamber to contact an air fuel mixture. The light source is arranged to shine light on the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst includes a photocatalytic material having an oxygen absorbing and a desorbing function. The photocatalytic ignition system is capable of igniting a lean air fuel mixture with a greatly reduced amount of light energy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photocatalyst activation system characterized by including (a) a catalyst which includes a photocatalytic material containing cerium oxide, or a catalyst which includes a photocatalytic material containing at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides other than cerium oxide; (b) a light source which irradiates the catalyst with light; and (c) a heat transfer device which transfers heat to the catalyst. By this photocatalyst activation system, it is possible to widen a usable wavelength range of light, and to enhance the catalytic activity to a large extent.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a photoconductive ignition system including a photoconductor configured to contact an oxidant-fuel gas mixture, and a light source providing irradiating light to a surface of the photoconductor. The photoconductor absorbs at least some of the light from the light source, which causes a variation in electrical potential at the surface of the photoconductor, thereby igniting the oxidant-fuel gas mixture. The disclosure further relates to a method of activating an oxidant-fuel gas mixture by exposing a photoconductor surface to the gas mixture and irradiating the surface with a light source emitting light at a wavelength corresponding to an energy level greater than a band gap energy level of the photoconductor, thereby activating the gas mixture in a combustion reaction.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying system includes, an internal combustion engine, an exhaust passage of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, a hydrogen-catalyst provided in the exhaust passage, an NOx purifying catalyst provided on a downstream of the hydrogen-catalyst of the exhaust passage to reduce nitrogen oxides, and a control unit. The hydrogen-catalyst has a function of transmitting or generating hydrogen. In the purifying system, the control unit executes enrichment condition control for reducing an air/fuel ratio (A/F)r during enrichment to prolong a time of enrichment (tr) as a flow rate of exhaust gas emitted from the internal combustion engine is lowered in intermittent enrichment of the air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying system includes, an internal combustion engine, an exhaust passage of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, a hydrogen-catalyst provided in the exhaust passage, an NOx purifying catalyst provided on a downstream of the hydrogen-catalyst of the exhaust passage to reduce nitrogen oxides, and a control unit. The hydrogen-catalyst has a function of transmitting or generating hydrogen. In the purifying system, the control unit executes enrichment condition control for reducing an air/fuel ratio (A/F)r during enrichment to prolong a time of enrichment (tr) as a flow rate of exhaust gas emitted from the internal combustion engine is lowered in intermittent enrichment of the air/fuel ratio.