Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a hydrocarbon feed valve and an exhaust purification catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A first NOX removal method which reduces NOX contained in an exhaust gas by a reducing intermediate which is generated by injecting hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve within a predetermined range of period and a second NOX removal method in which an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst is made rich by a period which is longer than this predetermined range are used. The switching temperatures ST and ST0 of the exhaust purification catalyst at which temperature an NOX removal method is switched from the second NOX removal method to the first NOX removal method, are made lower if the amount of NOX in the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst increases.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a hydrocarbon feed valve and an exhaust purification catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A first NOX removal method which injects hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve within a predetermined range of period so that the reducing intermediate generated thereby reduces the NOX contained in the exhaust gas and a second NOX removal method which makes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst a first target rich air-fuel ratio by a period which is longer than this predetermined range are used. When the NOX removal method is switched from the second NOX removal method to the first NOX removal method, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst is made a second target air-fuel ratio which is smaller than the first target rich air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, wherein an exhaust purification catalyst (13) and a hydrocarbon supply valve (15) are arranged in an engine exhaust passage, the internal combustion engine being provided with a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation device (LPL) for recirculating exhaust gas downstream of the exhaust air purification catalyst (13). When a lock up clutch (66) in a torque converter (27) should engage, non-sliding engagement of the lock up clutch (66) is prohibited in a case where an exhaust gas recirculation action is performed by the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation device (LPL) and hydrocarbons are sprayed from the hydrocarbon supply valve (15) at predetermined cycles.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a hydrocarbon feed valve and an exhaust purification catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A first NOX removal method which reduces NOX contained in an exhaust gas by a reducing intermediate which is generated by injecting hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve within a predetermined range of period and a second NOX removal method in which an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst is made rich by a period which is longer than this predetermined range are used. The switching temperatures ST and ST0 of the exhaust purification catalyst at which temperature an NOX removal method is switched from the second NOX removal method to the first NOX removal method, are made lower if the amount of NOX in the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst increases.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a hydrocarbon feed valve and an exhaust purification catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A first NOX removal method which injects hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve within a predetermined range of period so that the reducing intermediate generated thereby reduces the NOX contained in the exhaust gas and a second NOX removal method which makes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst a first target rich air-fuel ratio by a period which is longer than this predetermined range are used. When the NOX removal method is switched from the second NOX removal method to the first NOX removal method, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst is made a second target air-fuel ratio which is smaller than the first target rich air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. When releasing the stored NOx from the exhaust purification catalyst (13), usually combustion gas of a rich air-fuel ratio is generated in the combustion chamber (2) to make the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) rich. When releasing the stored NOx from the exhaust purification catalyst (13) in case where the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is low, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is made rich by injecting hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15).

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, an exhaust purification catalyst and a hydrocarbon feed valve are arranged in an exhaust passage. When a temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst falls in a first catalyst temperature region (I), a first NOX purification method is performed, while when a temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst falls in a second catalyst temperature region (II), a second NOX purification method is performed. When the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst falls in a region (IIP) in the second catalyst temperature region close to the first catalyst temperature region, the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst is made to increase to shift the region in which the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst falls to the first catalyst temperature region to thereby switch the NOX purification method used from the second NOX purification method to the first NOX purification method.

Abstract: A path switching FET and a shunt FET are separated from each other by a capacitor. The gates of the path switching FET and the shunt FET are controlled using an inverter circuit having a first internal power supply voltage (e.g., 2.5 V) as a power supply. The sources and drains of the path switching FET and the shunt FET are controlled using an inverter circuit having a second internal power supply voltage (e.g., 1.25 V) which is smaller than the first internal power supply voltage, as a power supply.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, wherein an exhaust purification catalyst (13) and a hydrocarbon supply valve (15) are arranged in an engine exhaust passage, the internal combustion engine being provided with a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation device (LPL) for recirculating exhaust gas downstream of the exhaust air purification catalyst (13). When a lock up clutch (66) in a torque converter (27) should engage, non-sliding engagement of the lock up clutch (66) is prohibited in a case where an exhaust gas recirculation action is performed by the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation device (LPL) and hydrocarbons are sprayed from the hydrocarbon supply valve (15) at predetermined cycles.

Abstract: A path switching FET and a shunt FET are separated from each other by a capacitor. The gates of the path switching FET and the shunt FET are controlled using an inverter circuit having a first internal power supply voltage (e.g., 2.5 V) as a power supply. The sources and drains of the path switching FET and the shunt FET are controlled using an inverter circuit having a second internal power supply voltage (e.g., 1.25 V) which is smaller than the first internal power supply voltage, as a power supply.

Abstract: A biological graft transferring instrument for transferring a biological graft includes a main body, a displacement member capable of being displaced relative to the main body, and a belt-shaped member which is wound around the forward end and base end of the displacement member and is joined to the main body. The biological graft is placed on the belt-shaped member at the forward end of the displacement member.

Abstract: A container assembly for containing a biological graft can include a housing member sized to be able to contain the biological graft while keeping the size of an original shape of the biological graft. An aqueous fluid can fill the housing member such that the biological graft is contained in a suspended state in the aqueous fluid.

Abstract: The low-noise amplifier with through mode is configured such that a source grounded transistor and a gate grounded transistor are connected in cascode, and a load impedance element and a switching transistor are serially connected between the drain of the gate grounded transistor and a power supply, and a through pass circuit is connected between an input terminal and an output terminal. The gate voltage of the gate grounded transistor is regulated by a bias circuit and the voltage of a mode control terminal is converted by a level shifter to control the gate voltage of the switching transistor, whereby, in the case of using only transistors whose terminal-to-terminal breakdown voltages are each equal to or less than the power supply voltage, it becomes feasible to prevent voltages equal to or more than the terminal-to-terminal breakdown voltages from being applied between the terminals of each transistor.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an elastomer composition containing a substance as an alternative raw material for an elastomer component, which is low in environmental load and capable of being produced at low cost, and a tire using the elastomer composition. Here, the elastomer composition and the tire of the invention are characterized in containing residuum generated in a fermentative treatment of an organic matter in an elastomer component. In addition, as the above fermentative treatment, an anaerobic fermentative treatment or an aerobic fermentative treatment can be used.

Abstract: A container assembly for containing a biological graft can include a housing member sized to be able to contain the biological graft while keeping the size of an original shape of the biological graft. An aqueous fluid can fill the housing member such that the biological graft is contained in a suspended state in the aqueous fluid.

Abstract: A biological graft transferring instrument for transferring a biological graft includes a main body, a displacement member capable of being displaced relative to the main body, and a belt-shaped member which is wound around the forward end and base end of the displacement member and is joined to the main body. The biological graft is placed on the belt-shaped member at the forward end of the displacement member.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acceleration sensation evaluating device that evaluates a sensory acceleration of a driver with respect to an expectation value of acceleration, and a vehicle controller that controls a vehicle according to the evaluation results. The evaluation device detects an amount of operation of the vehicle by the driver of when the vehicle is accelerated, detects an amount of vehicle behavior, computes a physical quantity of an expectation value indicating the expectation value of an acceleration performance which the driver expects based on the detected values, computes a sensory physical quantity indicating a sensation of the acceleration which the driver senses, and computes an evaluation value of the acceleration sensation based on difference or ratio between the physical quantity of the expectation value and the sensory physical quantity.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an elastomer composition containing a substance as an alternative raw material for an elastomer component, which is low in environmental load and capable of being produced at low cost, and a tire using the elastomer composition. Here, the elastomer composition and the tire of the invention are characterized in containing residuum generated in a fermentative treatment of an organic matter in an elastomer component. In addition, as the above fermentative treatment, an anaerobic fermentative treatment or an aerobic fermentative treatment can be used.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acceleration sensation evaluating device that evaluates a sensory acceleration of a driver with respect to an expectation value of acceleration, and a vehicle controller that controls a vehicle according to the evaluation results. The evaluation device detects an amount of operation of the vehicle by the driver of when the vehicle is accelerated, detects an amount of vehicle behavior, computes a physical quantity of an expectation value indicating the expectation value of an acceleration performance which the driver expects based on the detected values, computes a sensory physical quantity indicating a sensation of the acceleration which the driver senses, and computes an evaluation value of the acceleration sensation based on difference or ratio between the physical quantity of the expectation value and the sensory physical quantity.

Abstract: Parameters for control of engine operation are operated for each operating state for establishment of compliance, whereby the output values are made compliance targets. This compliance operation is performed by first determining the adjustment sequences and adjustment directions for a plurality of parameters for reducing the output values exceeding the compliance targets and then sequentially operating these parameters in accordance with the determined adjustment sequence and in the determined adjustment direction.