Abstract: To provide a reducer supply device that can be made compact and has excellent maintainability. The reducer supply device includes a nozzle unit that adjusts a flow rate of a reducer which is to be supplied to a NOx purification catalyst device; and a pump unit that supplies the reducer to the nozzle unit. The nozzle unit and the pump unit are arranged at positions offset from each other in top view.

Abstract: A rear sprocket includes a sprocket body and a plurality of sprocket teeth. The plurality of sprocket teeth includes a first upshifting facilitation tooth, a second upshifting facilitation tooth, a third upshifting facilitation tooth and an upshifting initiation tooth. The upshifting initiation tooth is adjacent to the third upshifting facilitation tooth at an upstream side of the third upshifting facilitation tooth with respect to a driving rotational direction of the rear sprocket without another tooth between the third upshifting facilitation tooth and the upshifting initiation tooth in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: A rear sprocket assembly comprises a sprocket carrier, a first sprocket, and a second sprocket. The sprocket carrier includes at least one sprocket mounting portion having a first radial section and a second radial section. The first radial section has a first maximum axial length with respect to the axial direction. The second radial section has a second maximum axial length with respect to the axial direction. The second maximum axial length is larger than the first maximum axial length. At least one second mounted portion of the second sprocket is configured to axially contact the first radial section and the second radial section of the at least one sprocket mounting portion of the sprocket carrier with respect to the axial direction.

Abstract: A rear sprocket comprises a sprocket body, a plurality of sprocket teeth, a plurality of spline teeth, a maximum spline distance, and a radial tooth-bottom distance. Each of the plurality of spline teeth has a spline crest. The maximum spline distance is defined from the rotational center axis to the spline crest. The radial tooth-bottom distance is defined from a rotational center axis to one of plurality of tooth bottom center points. The maximum spline distance is larger than the radial tooth-bottom distance. The spline crest of each of the plurality of spline teeth is positioned radially inwardly from the tooth outline of each of the plurality of sprocket teeth in the radial direction.

Abstract: A rear sprocket assembly comprises a sprocket carrier, a first sprocket, and a second sprocket. The sprocket carrier includes at least one sprocket mounting portion having a first radial section and a second radial section. The first radial section has a first maximum axial length with respect to the axial direction. The second radial section has a second maximum axial length with respect to the axial direction. The second maximum axial length is larger than the first maximum axial length. At least one second mounted portion of the second sprocket is configured to axially contact the first radial section and the second radial section of the at least one sprocket mounting portion of the sprocket carrier with respect to the axial direction.

Abstract: Biomass gasification apparatus includes: gasification reaction furnace; upper supply unit configured to supply woody biomass and inert gas from above through feeding hole to furnace; lower supply unit configured to supply mixed gas containing inert gas from below to furnace; sensor configured to detect clogged state in which biomass is clogged in hole; and controller configured to control supply units to regulate upper supply flow rate of inert gas supplied by upper supply unit and lower supply flow rate of inert gas supplied by lower supply unit based on detection result by sensor. When clogged state is detected, controller increases upper supply flow rate to be higher than first flow rate and decreases lower supply flow rate to be lower than second flow rate so that sum of upper supply flow rate and lower supply flow rate is maintained at predetermined flow rate.

Abstract: A rear sprocket comprises a sprocket body, a plurality of sprocket teeth, a plurality of spline teeth, a maximum spline distance, and a radial tooth-bottom distance. Each of the plurality of spline teeth has a spline crest. The maximum spline distance is defined from the rotational center axis to the spline crest. The radial tooth-bottom distance is defined from a rotational center axis to one of plurality of tooth bottom center points. The maximum spline distance is larger than the radial tooth-bottom distance. The spline crest of each of the plurality of spline teeth is positioned radially inwardly from the tooth outline of each of the plurality of sprocket teeth in the radial direction.

Abstract: A color conversion particle includes a core; and a shell that contains the core and absorbs excitation light, and emits light at the core or at an interface between the core and the shell upon receiving the irradiated excitation light. The shell is composed of a chalcogenide perovskite, and the core and the shell have band alignment that induces a Stokes shift.

Abstract: A color conversion particle includes a core; and a shell that contains the core and absorbs excitation light, and emits light at the core or at an interface between the core and the shell upon receiving the irradiated excitation light. The core is composed of a chalcogenide perovskite, and the core and the shell have band alignment that induces a Stokes shift.

Abstract: To provide an engine capable of more quickly decreasing an auxiliary chamber gas pressure and ensuring a favorable load responsiveness. A gas engine is an engine including, as combustion chambers of each cylinder, an auxiliary chamber that ignites fuel gas to generate flame and a main chamber that combusts the mixture of fuel gas and air using the flame generated in the auxiliary chamber, and includes an auxiliary chamber main pipe that supplies the fuel gas to the auxiliary chamber, an air supply passage in which the air to be supplied to the main chamber flows, and a connection pipe communicating from the auxiliary chamber main pipe to the air supply passage.

Abstract: To provide a reducer supply device that can be made compact and has excellent maintainability. The reducer supply device includes a nozzle unit that adjusts a flow rate of a reducer which is to be supplied to a NOx purification catalyst device; and a pump unit that supplies the reducer to the nozzle unit. The nozzle unit and the pump unit are arranged at positions offset from each other in top view.

Abstract: A bracket apparatus for mounting a derailleur to a frame of a human-powered vehicle comprises a bracket body and one of a restriction member and a restriction opening. The bracket body includes a frame attachment portion configured to be attached to the frame of the human-powered vehicle and a derailleur attachment portion to which the derailleur is to be attached. The restriction member is configured to be at least partly provided in the restriction opening to restrict a rotation of the bracket body relative to the frame of the human-powered vehicle in a bracket mounting state where the bracket apparatus is mounted to the frame of the human-powered vehicle.

Abstract: A bracket apparatus for mounting a derailleur to a frame of a human-powered vehicle comprises a frame attachment portion, a derailleur attachment portion spaced apart from the frame attachment portion, and a component attachment portion spaced apart from the frame attachment portion and the derailleur attachment portion.

Abstract: An engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber defined by a crown surface of a piston, an inner wall surface of a cylinder in which the piston is slidably accommodated, and a pentroof-type ceiling surface formed in a cylinder head and formed with an intake port and an exhaust port. The crown surface includes an exhaust-side bottom part, an intake-side bottom part, an exhaust-side sloped surface rising toward a center part of the crown surface from the exhaust-side bottom part, an intake-side sloped surface rising toward the center part from the intake-side bottom part, and a flat surface provided continuously between upper ends of the exhaust-side and intake-side sloped surfaces, and extending perpendicularly to a cylinder axial direction in the center part of the crown surface. A surface area of the flat surface is larger than a surface area of the exhaust-side sloped surface.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes an engine, a swirl control valve, and a controller. The engine includes a cylinder, a piston, and a fuel injection valve provided incliningly with respect to an axial direction of the piston and configured to directly inject fuel into the cylinder. The swirl control valve is provided inside an intake passage and generates a swirl flow inside the cylinder at least when the valve closes. When an engine load is below a given threshold, the controller controls the swirl control valve to close, and controls the fuel injection valve to inject fuel during an intake stroke. While the engine load is below the threshold, at a fixed engine speed, the controller controls to advance a fuel injection timing when the engine load is at a first load, compared with at a second load higher than the first load.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes an engine, a swirl control valve, an EGR passage, an EGR gas adjusting mechanism, and a controller. The engine includes a cylinder, a piston, and a fuel injection valve. The swirl control valve is provided inside an intake passage and generates a swirl flow inside the cylinder when it closes. When an engine load is at or below a given threshold, the controller controls the swirl control valve to close. While the engine load is the threshold or below, the controller controls the EGR gas adjusting mechanism such that, at a fixed engine speed, an increase rate of an EGR gas amount with respect to an increase in the engine load is lower in a first load range than in a second load range, the first load range being on a higher load side of the second load range and including the threshold.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes an engine, a swirl control valve, an EGR passage, an EGR gas adjusting mechanism, and a controller. The engine includes a cylinder, a piston, and a fuel injection valve. The swirl control valve is provided inside an intake passage and generates a swirl flow inside the cylinder when it closes. When an engine load is at or below a given threshold, the controller controls the swirl control valve to close. While the engine load is the threshold or below, the controller controls the EGR gas adjusting mechanism such that, at a fixed engine speed, an increase rate of an EGR gas amount with respect to an increase in the engine load is lower in a first load range than in a second load range, the first load range being on a higher load side of the second load range and including the threshold.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes an engine, a swirl control valve, and a controller. The engine includes a cylinder, a piston, and a fuel injection valve provided incliningly with respect to an axial direction of the piston and configured to directly inject fuel into the cylinder. The swirl control valve is provided inside an intake passage and generates a swirl flow inside the cylinder at least when the valve closes. When an engine load is below a given threshold, the controller controls the swirl control valve to close, and controls the fuel injection valve to inject fuel during an intake stroke. While the engine load is below the threshold, at a fixed engine speed, the controller controls to advance a fuel injection timing when the engine load is at a first load, compared with at a second load higher than the first load.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the present disclosure can include a computer-implemented method. The method can include obtaining a machine-learned model comprising one or more layers. At least a first layer of the one or more layers can be configured to receive a set of query vectors respectively associated with layer inputs, determine similarity measures the key vectors and the query vectors, apply a normalization operation to the plurality of respective similarity measures, and determine an output based on the normalized respective similarity measures and a plurality of class labels respectively associated with the plurality of key vectors.

Abstract: An engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber defined by a crown surface of a piston, an inner wall surface of a cylinder in which the piston is slidably accommodated, and a pentroof-type ceiling surface formed in a cylinder head and formed with an intake port and an exhaust port. The crown surface includes an exhaust-side bottom part, an intake-side bottom part, an exhaust-side sloped surface rising toward a center part of the crown surface from the exhaust-side bottom part, an intake-side sloped surface rising toward the center part from the intake-side bottom part, and a flat surface provided continuously between upper ends of the exhaust-side and intake-side sloped surfaces, and extending perpendicularly to a cylinder axial direction in the center part of the crown surface. A surface area of the flat surface is larger than a surface area of the exhaust-side sloped surface.