Abstract: Provided is a technology that allows easy evaluation of a degree of growth of pigs raised in a group instead of guiding the pigs one by one to a cage. A growth evaluation device includes an extraction unit that extracts, from an image captured by a camera disposed to face a pen in which the plurality of pigs are raised in the group, a buttock image having buttocks of one of the pigs facing forward, an arithmetic unit that arithmetically determines a buttock width from the buttock image, and an evaluation unit that evaluates the degree of growth of all the plurality of pigs on the basis of a prescribed number or more of the buttock widths arithmetically determined by the arithmetic unit.

Abstract: Provided is a technology that allows estrus of a sow to be accurately determined without relying on experience or in intuition of an observer. An estrus determination device for a sow includes a measurement unit that measures, per unit time, a frequency of standing up and lying down of a sow raised in a stall and a determination unit that determines estrus of the sow on the basis of a plurality of frequencies repetitively measured by the measurement unit over a set given period.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar-power-generator substrate by cutting out a semiconductor substrate by slicing a semiconductor ingot and then by forming a texture structure on a surface of the semiconductor substrate by performing a surface treatment on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, includes: cleaning including cleaning and removing an organic impurity and a metal impurity adhering to the surface of the semiconductor substrate with a cleaning fluid containing an oxidizing chemical; and etching including removing a damaged layer on a substrate surface generated by the slicing and forming the texture structure on the surface of the semiconductor substrate by performing anisotropic etching on the surface of the semiconductor substrate with an alkaline aqueous solution, the etching being performed subsequent to the cleaning.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar-power-generator substrate by cutting out a semiconductor substrate by slicing a semiconductor ingot and then by forming a texture structure on a surface of the semiconductor substrate by performing a surface treatment on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, includes: cleaning including cleaning and removing an organic impurity and a metal impurity adhering to the surface of the semiconductor substrate with a cleaning fluid containing an oxidizing chemical; and etching including removing a damaged layer on a substrate surface generated by the slicing and forming the texture structure on the surface of the semiconductor substrate by performing anisotropic etching on the surface of the semiconductor substrate with an alkaline aqueous solution, the etching being performed subsequent to the cleaning.