Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a reformed SiC wafer 41 (a surface treatment method for a SiC wafer) having its surface that is reformed by processing an untreated SiC wafer 40 before formation of an epitaxial layer 42, the method includes a surface reforming step as described below. That is, the untreated SiC wafer 40 includes BPDs as dislocations parallel to an inside of a (0001) face, and TEDs. Property of the surface of the untreated SiC wafer 40 is changed so as to have higher rate in which portions having BPDs on the surface of the untreated SiC wafer 40 propagate as TEDs at a time of forming the epitaxial layer 42.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus of the present invention includes: an image pickup unit that picks up an image of a specific range and acquires an image signal; a storage unit that stores multiple target image dictionaries respectively corresponding to multiple types of targets; an inference engine that determines a type of the specific target on the basis of an image signal acquired by the image pickup unit and the multiple target image dictionaries stored in the storage unit, and selects one of the target image dictionaries corresponding to the determined type of the specific target from the multiple target image dictionaries; and an image pickup control unit that performs image pickup control on the basis of the image signal acquired by the image pickup unit and the target image dictionary selected by the inference engine.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a reformed SiC wafer 41 (a surface treatment method for a SiC wafer) having its surface that is reformed by processing an untreated SiC wafer 40 before formation of an epitaxial layer 42, the method includes a surface reforming step as described below. That is, the untreated SiC wafer 40 includes BPDs as dislocations parallel to an inside of a (0001) face, and TEDs. Property of the surface of the untreated SiC wafer 40 is changed so as to have higher rate in which portions having BPDs on the surface of the untreated SiC wafer 40 propagate as TEDs at a time of forming the epitaxial layer 42.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus of the present invention includes: an image pickup unit that picks up an image of a specific range and acquires an image signal; a storage unit that stores multiple target image dictionaries respectively corresponding to multiple types of targets; an inference engine that determines a type of the specific target on the basis of an image signal acquired by the image pickup unit and the multiple target image dictionaries stored in the storage unit, and selects one of the target image dictionaries corresponding to the determined type of the specific target from the multiple target image dictionaries; and an image pickup control unit that performs image pickup control on the basis of the image signal acquired by the image pickup unit and the target image dictionary selected by the inference engine.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon catalyst having an improved catalytic activity, a production method therefor, and an electrode and a battery which use the carbon catalyst. The carbon catalyst is obtained by carbonizing a raw material including an organic substance containing a nitrogen atom and metals, and includes iron and/or cobalt, and copper as the metals. Further, the carbon catalyst has a crystallinity of 41.0% or less, which is determined by X-ray diffractometry, a nitrogen atom-to-carbon atom ratio of 0.7 or more, which is determined by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry, and an oxygen reduction-starting potential of 0.774 V (vs. NHE) or more.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon catalyst having an improved catalytic activity, a production method therefor, and an electrode and a battery which use the carbon catalyst. The carbon catalyst is obtained by carbonizing a raw material including an organic substance containing a nitrogen atom and metals, and includes iron and/or cobalt, and copper as the metals. Further, the carbon catalyst has a crystallinity of 41.0% or less, which is determined by X-ray diffractometry, a nitrogen atom-to-carbon atom ratio of 0.7 or more, which is determined by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry, and an oxygen reduction-starting potential of 0.774 V (vs. NHE) or more.

Abstract: A first gear is fixedly connected to the rotary shaft of a swingably mounted lid, and is engaged with a second gear which is rotatably mounted on a stationary member. The second gear is biased by means of a spring in such a direction that the lid tends to swing open, while a ratchet portion having a recess is provided at a peripheral portion thereof. A pawl is arranged to engage with the recess to stop the rotation of the second gear, and is arranged to disengage with the recess to release the second gear when intended to open the lid. A brake member is interposed between the stationary member and the second gear to prevent the lid from rapid opening. The pawl may be manually disengaged from the recess by depressing a push-button operatively connected thereto. Such a push-button may be omitted if the shape of the recess is arranged to easily disengage from the pawl when the lid is pulled manually.