Abstract: A disclosed laminate structure is capable of having its surface free energy changed with a small amount of UV irradiation. The invention also discloses a method of manufacturing the laminate structure; an electronic device having the laminate structure; an electronic device array having a plurality of the electronic devices; and a display apparatus having the electronic device array. The laminate structure includes a substrate 11, a wettability variable layer 12 disposed on the substrate, and a conducting layer 13 patterned on the wettability variable layer 12. The wettability variable layer 12 includes a material whose critical surface tension varies upon application of energy. The material with variable critical surface tension has a main chain and a side chain. The side chain has two or more sites of which the bond is cleaved upon absorption of energy.

Abstract: A disclosed laminated structure includes a substrate; a wettability varying layer formed on the substrate, the wettability varying layer including a material whose critical surface tension is changed by receiving energy; and an electrode layer formed on the wettability varying layer, the electrode layer forming a pattern based on the wettability varying layer. The material whose critical surface tension is changed by receiving energy includes a polymer including a primary chain and a side chain, the side chain including a multi-branched structure.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a TFT substrate and a CF substrate arranged to face each other and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, wherein a plurality of first supports are arranged to extend from one of the substrates to reach the other substrate and a plurality of second support, which are shorter than the first supports, are arranged to extend from one of the substrates to the other substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a novel diamine compound having a dendron side chain and a liquid crystal alignment material produced using the diamine compound. Specifically, the diamine compound is used to prepare a polyamic acid, which is then used to produce the liquid crystal alignment material. According to the liquid crystal alignment material, the pretilt angle of a liquid crystal is easy to control, and the alignment properties of a liquid crystal are good. Particularly, since the liquid crystal alignment material shows superior chemical resistance to washing solvents used in LCD panel fabrication processes, it has an advantage in that the alignment properties of a liquid crystal are not degraded even after washing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel functional diamine compound having a dendron structure, polyamic acid which is produced using functional diamine, aromatic cyclic diamine, aliphatic cyclic acid dianhydride, and aromatic cyclic acid dianhydride, polyimide which is produced by imidizing polyamic acid, and an LC alignment film produced using polyimide. Even if the diamine compound is used in a small amount, it is possible to realize a high pretilt angle, thus the pretilt angle is easily controlled. Therefore, it can be used to produce an LC alignment film using a twisted nematic (TN) mode, in which the pretilt angle of liquid crystal is low, and a vertically aligned (VA) mode, which requires a high pretilt angle of about 90°.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a novel diamine compound having a dendron side chain and a liquid crystal alignment material produced using the diamine compound. Specifically, the diamine compound is used to prepare a polyamic acid, which is then used to produce the liquid crystal alignment material. According to the liquid crystal alignment material, the pretilt angle of a liquid crystal is easy to control, and the alignment properties of a liquid crystal are good. Particularly, since the liquid crystal alignment material shows superior chemical resistance to washing solvents used in LCD panel fabrication processes, it has an advantage in that the alignment properties of a liquid crystal are not degraded even after washing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates. The first substrate includes a protrusion structure and a vertical alignment layer each facing the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of liquid crystal regions separated from each other by the protrusion structure. Liquid crystal molecules in the plurality of liquid crystal regions are aligned axially symmetrically around an axis perpendicular to a surface of the second substrate at least in the presence of applied voltage. Each of the plurality of liquid crystal regions has a size such that each of the plurality of liquid crystal regions is included within a circular area circumscribing a square of approximately 70 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyamic acid containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group and a polyimide containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group; and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal aligning agent. This liquid crystal aligning agent gives a liquid crystal aligning film which has good liquid crystal aligning property and in which pretilt angle can be changed by radiation with a small energy and which is suitable for domain-divided alignment type liquid crystal display having a wide view angle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyamic acid containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group and a polyimide containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group; and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal aligning agent. This liquid crystal aligning agent gives a liquid crystal aligning film which has good liquid crystal aligning property and in which pretilt angle can be changed by radiation with a small energy and which is suitable for domain-divided alignment type liquid crystal display having a wide view angle.

Abstract: A method for domain-dividing a liquid crystal alignment film, which comprises (1) applying a radiation-sensitive resin composition onto a liquid crystal alignment film aligned in one direction and formed on a substrate, (2) exposing the radiation-sensitive resin composition through a predetermined pattern, (3) carrying out a development with an aqueous solution containing 0.01 to 1.5% by weight of an alkaline compound to partially protect the liquid crystal alignment film, (4) aligning an exposed portion of the liquid crystal alignment film in another direction and (5) removing the radiation-sensitive resin composition; and a liquid crystal device having a liquid crystal display device with the domain-divided liquid crystal alignment film.

Abstract: A polyorganosiloxane series thermoplastic resin comprising a graft copolymer obtained from a vinyl monomer and a modified polyorganosiloxane, and a thermoplastic resin composition containing the same. The resin and the composition thereof have excellent slidability, abrasion resistance, weather resistance, cold resistance and impact resistance, and can be applied to new fields such as sliding parts, parts for cold district, outdoor parts, etc.

Abstract: A polyorganosiloxane series thermoplastic resin comprising a graft copolymer obtained from a vinyl monomer and a modified polyorganosiloxane, and a thermoplastic resin composition containing the same. The resin and the composition thereof have excellent slidability, abrasion resistance, weather resistance, cold resistance and impact resistance, and can be applied to new fields such as sliding parts, parts for cold district, outdoor parts, etc.

Abstract: A matte thermoplastic resin composition consisting essentially of:(A) 70-97% by weight of a rubber-modified alkenyl a romatic thermoplastic resin and(B) 30-3% by weight of a graft copolymer as a high polymer modifier for matting, obtained by polymerizting an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an alkenyl aromatic compound, an alkenyl cyanide compound and other copolymerizable alkenyl monomer in the presence of a rubbery polymer latex, wherein the content of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid component in the graft copolymer (B) is 1-30% by weight and the content of the rubbery polymer in the graft copolymer (B) is 10-60% by weight. Said composition has an excellent matte effect especially when the rubbery polymer latex gives a percentage coagulation of 20% by weight or less based on the total solids of the latex when 15% by weight, based on the total solids, of methacrylic acid is added to the latex.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition with superior chemical resistance and impact resistance is disclosed. The composition comprises: 50 to 90% by weight of a rubber-modified styrene thermoplastic resin containing 10 to 60% by weight of .alpha.-methyl styrene, 5 to 48% by weight of an aromatic polyester, and 2 to 10% by weight of an aromatic polycarbonate.