Abstract: A bioethanol production method using lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material, the method being adapted to increase the ethanol concentration of a fermentation liquid obtained in a fermentation step and reduce the distillation load without having to use specialized equipment in solubilizing the biomass by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose contained in the biomass. When a solid residue of the cellulosic biomass, from which hemicellulose has been removed, is mixed with an aqueous solution containing a cellulose-hydrolyzing enzyme in a reaction vessel, ethanol is added in an amount of 3 to 6% by mass. Bacterial proliferation is suppressed during hydrolysis of cellulose, and the ethanol concentration achieved in ethanol fermentation of a saccharified solution is increased, so that the distillation load is reduced. The ethanol added at the time of hydrolysis can be collected during distillation of the alcoholic fermentation liquid and reused.

Abstract: A saccharified solution production method in which cellulosic biomass is solubilized by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose contained in the cellulosic biomass, the method being adapted to quickly solubilize the biomass and give a slurry while keeping a high solids concentration in a reaction vessel. The biomass pulverized and an aqueous solution containing a cellulose-hydrolyzing enzyme are mixed in one reaction vessel including no baffle plate disposed in its interior, and the cellulosic biomass is solubilized under stirring. Afterwards, the contents of the reaction vessel are transferred to another reaction vessel including a baffle plate disposed in its interior, and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is allowed to proceed. The solids concentration in the first reaction vessel is preferably 15 to 30% by mass. The efficiency of stirring during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is enhanced, and thus the amount of sugar production can be increased.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display panel that can minimize the occurrence of short circuits (leaks) between the pair of substrates even if a certain amount of pressing force is applied to the substrates. A liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is provided with a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, such that one of the pair of substrates is provided with a support substrate, a laminated spacer formed by laminating three or more resin layers including transparent colored layers, and an electrode that covers the laminated spacer; the other of the pair of substrates is provided with a support substrate and electrodes; and the degree of deformation of the topmost resin layer of the three or more resin layers is at most 5% of the degree of deformation of the entire laminated spacer, when a certain amount of pressing force is applied to the support substrate supporting the laminated spacer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color filter substrate in which reduction in display qualities is suppressed even if color mixing is generated when a plurality of differently colored transparent layers are formed by a method using a liquid material, such as an ink jet method, and to provide a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device each including the color filter substrate. The color filter substrate of the present invention comprises a plurality of color display units, each of the color display units including four or more differently colored transparent layers, wherein the color filter substrate includes a frame structure which surrounds each of the differently colored transparent layers, and the differently colored transparent layers are arranged such that an average of color difference values for pairs of adjacent differently colored transparent layers becomes minimum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a color filter substrate, in which the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent sub-pixels is prevented even when an inkjet method is used. A color filter substrate having color filters of a plurality of colors arranged in a matrix with a bank therebetween is manufactured using this method. The method has: a first inkjet step in which an ink is jetted to at least one region among a plurality of regions partitioned by the bank, and the ink is not jetted to any of regions adjacent to the one region in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction; and a second inkjet step in which the ink is jetted to at least one region to which the ink has not been jetted in the first inkjet step, the aforementioned at least one region being among the plurality of regions partitioned by the bank.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display panel that can minimize the occurrence of short circuits (leaks) between the pair of substrates even if a certain amount of pressing force is applied to the substrates. A liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is provided with a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, such that one of the pair of substrates is provided with a support substrate, a laminated spacer formed by laminating three or more resin layers including transparent colored layers, and an electrode that covers the laminated spacer; the other of the pair of substrates is provided with a support substrate and electrodes; and the degree of deformation of the topmost resin layer of the three or more resin layers is at most 5% of the degree of deformation of the entire laminated spacer, when a certain amount of pressing force is applied to the support substrate supporting the laminated spacer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color filter substrate preventing defective displays which may be caused by breakage of an common electrode used for voltage application to a liquid crystal layer in the vicinity of a multilayer spacer due to a stress applied to a liquid crystal display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device each having the color filter substrate. The color filter substrate of the present invention is a color filter substrate comprising: transparent color layers of a plurality of colors; and an electrode covering the transparent color layers, wherein the color filter substrate includes a multilayer spacer formed by stacking two or more layers including the transparent color layers, and a layer in the multilayer spacer, which is the uppermost layer of the transparent color layers, is separated from a layer around the multilayer spacer, which is one of the transparent color layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color filter substrate in which reduction in display qualities is suppressed even if color mixing is generated when a plurality of differently colored transparent layers are formed by a method using a liquid material, such as an ink jet method, and to provide a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device each including the color filter substrate. The color filter substrate of the present invention comprises a plurality of color display units, each of the color display units including four or more differently colored transparent layers, wherein the color filter substrate includes a frame structure which surrounds each of the differently colored transparent layers, and the differently colored transparent layers are arranged such that an average of color difference values for pairs of adjacent differently colored transparent layers becomes minimum.