Abstract: Provided is a rotation speed calculation apparatus including: a first vibration sensor configured to detect a vibration generated when a notch in a peripheral edge portion of a substrate to be cleaned hits a roller holding the peripheral edge portion of the substrate when the substrate is rotated by driving the roller to rotate; a second vibration sensor configured to detect a vibration of a housing defining a space in which the substrate is cleaned; and a rotation speed calculator configured to calculate a rotation speed of the substrate based on the vibration detected by the first vibration sensor and the vibration detected by the second vibration sensor.

Abstract: A sensor element includes an element body, a reference electrode, a measurement-object gas side electrode, a first conducting section that has a reference electrode terminal and a reference electrode lead, and a lead insulation layer. The reference electrode lead is configured to flow a reference gas, which serves as a reference for detecting the specific gas concentration in the measurement-object gas, to the reference electrode. A region of 50% or more, from an end on the reference electrode side, of the total area of the lead insulation layer in a planar view is configured as a dense region with a porosity of 5% or less.

Abstract: A sensor element includes a base part including a plurality of oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte layers stacked; a measurement-object gas flow part for introduction and flow of a measurement-object gas through one end part in a longitudinal direction of the base part; a main pump cell including an inner main pump electrode disposed on an inner surface of the measurement-object gas flow part, and an outer pump electrode; a target-gas-decomposing pump cell including a target-gas-decomposing pump electrode disposed at a position farther from the one end part than the inner main pump electrode, and an outer pump electrode; a residual-oxygen-measuring pump cell including a residual-oxygen-measuring electrode disposed at a position farther from the one end part than the inner main pump electrode, and an outer pump electrode; and a reference electrode. The target-gas-decomposing pump electrode comprises a metal material that has catalytic activity of decomposing a target gas to be measured.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element and a control unit thereof. The sensor element includes: a base part; a measurement-object gas flow cavity; a reference gas chamber separated from the measurement-object gas flow cavity and closed inside the base part; a reference electrode disposed in the reference gas chamber; and a pump electrode disposed at a position different from the reference gas chamber. The control unit includes: a storing part storing in advance, a required amount of oxygen to be present in the reference gas chamber at a time at which oxygen concentration in the reference gas chamber is a predetermined concentration; and a processing part performing refresh processing in which a current is applied between the pump electrode and the reference electrode to pump out oxygen from the reference gas chamber, and then pump oxygen into the reference gas chamber in the required amount of the oxygen.

Abstract: A belt cleaning blade has a contact part that is brought into contact with at least a surface of a belt which is a member to be cleaned, in which the contact part is configured of polyurethane rubber containing a hard segment and a soft segment, and in a surface of the contact part, a proportion HX occupied by domains of the hard segment is 15.2% or more and 26.1% or less, and a proportion HY occupied by an area of the domains of the hard segment having an area of 200 nm2 or more and 1,000 nm2 or less to a total area of the domains of the hard segment in the surface is 38.9% or more and 60.8% or less.

Abstract: Provided is a building wall with which, during a fire, deformation of an underlay on a fireside is substantially prevented by restraint from an overlay to maintain a contact state between the underlay and the overlay, and when heat is transferred from the underlay to a no-fire side and the overlay is deformed, an overlay face member included in the overlay is substantially prevented from falling off from the underlay. A building wall 100 is provided with at least an underlay face member 30A and an overlay face member 20A, the underlay face member 30A directly or indirectly connected to a stud 40, the overlay face member 20A being an indoor-facing member and connected to the underlay face member 30A, wherein the overlay face member 20A is connected to the underlay face member 30A via at least an adhesive 53, and wherein a coating amount of the adhesive 53 is less than 100 g/m2.

Abstract: A sensor element includes: a base part containing an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte as a constituent material; at least one internal space into which a measurement gas is introduced; and at least one pump cell including an internal electrode disposed to face the internal space, an out-of-space pump electrode disposed at a location other than the internal space, and a portion of the base part located between these electrodes, the internal electrode includes a noble metal, the solid electrolyte, and a pore, and, in the internal electrode, a degree of variation of a boundary of a first region formed of the base part or the solid electrolyte contiguous with the base part and a second region occupied by the noble metal and the pore in a thickness direction of the element is 0.5 ?m or more and 6.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: A sensor element includes a base part containing a solid electrolyte as a constituent material; at least one internal space into which a measurement gas is introduced; and at least one pump cell including an internal space electrode disposed to face the internal space, an out-of-space pump electrode disposed at a location other than the internal space, and a portion of the base part located between these electrodes, the internal space electrode includes a noble metal, the solid electrolyte, and a pore, and, in the internal space electrode, a ratio of a length of a boundary of a first region formed of the base part or the solid electrolyte contiguous with the base part and a second region occupied by the noble metal and the pore to a length of a boundary of the solid electrolyte and the internal space electrode is 1.1 or more.

Abstract: A gas sensor element includes an element body including an oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte layer; and a protective layer that covers at least part of the element body, and has a thermal conductivity ratio R of 1.6 or higher, the thermal conductivity ratio R (=?s/?t) being a surface direction thermal conductivity ?s [W/m K] to a thickness direction thermal conductivity ?t [W/m K].

Abstract: A particle material that has high dispersibility in a dispersion medium such as toluene having high hydrophobicity, and a slurry composition in which the particle material is used, are provided for solving the problem. A surface-modified particle material of the present invention includes: a particle material formed of an inorganic material; and a surface treatment agent formed of a silane compound having a first functional group that has any of C, N, and O atoms away over five or more atoms from Si to which an alkoxide is bound, the surface treatment agent allowing surface treatment of the particle material in such an amount that a degree of hydrophobicity becomes not less than 30%. Dispersibility is enhanced also in a dispersion medium having high hydrophobicity in a case where a functional group having a predetermined structure is introduced so as to impart predetermined or higher hydrophobicity.

Abstract: A gas sensor has a sensor element, first element pads, second element pads, first contact-point members, and second contact-point members. The sensor element has first and second surfaces that are positioned on opposite sides in a first direction. The first element pads are disposed on the first surface. The second element pads are disposed on the second surface in a quantity greater than that of the first element pads. The first and second contact-point members are connected to the first and second element pads, respectively. The width (Wt) of at least one of the second contact-point members is less than the widths (Wa-Wd) of the rest of the first and second contact-point members.

Abstract: A controller of the gas sensor can perform diagnostic processing of diagnosing a situation of control to the gas sensor in a case that the gas sensor in an operation state is determined to satisfy a predetermined diagnostic condition and adjustment processing of adjusting a condition for controlling the gas sensor in accordance with a result of diagnosis. In the diagnostic processing, a main pump voltage and a diagnostic threshold as a value of a voltage not causing decomposition of NOx in the main pump cell are compared. In the adjustment processing, temperature adjustment processing to cause, in a case that the main pump voltage is diagnosed to be equal to the threshold or more, the main pump voltage to be less than the threshold, at least in a way that the heater part increases the element driving temperature in the operation state by a predetermined increase amount is performed.

Abstract: A sensor element includes: an element base including a gas distribution part communicating from a gas inlet; and a leading-end protective layer including an inner layer covering an end portion and four side surfaces of the element base and an outer layer covering the inner layer and having a lower porosity than the inner layer, and a total thickness representative value, defined as an average of total thicknesses of the protective layer at a plurality of positions including a starting point, an intermediate position, and an innermost end of the gas distribution part, is 250 ?m or more, and a film thickness variation degree, defined as a ratio of a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the total thicknesses with respect to the total thickness representative value when the value is based at 100, is 20 or less.

Abstract: A belt cleaning blade has a contact site that comes into contact with at least a surface of a belt which is a member to be cleaned, in which the contact site is configured with polyurethane rubber including hard segments and soft segments, and in a cross section of the contact site, a ratio X of domains of the hard segments to a total area of the cross section is 14.9% or more and 25.1% or less, and a ratio Y of an area of domains of the hard segments having an area of 200 nm2 or more and 1,000 nm2 or less to a total area of the domains of the hard segments in the cross section is 17.8% or more and 46.5% or less.

Abstract: To accurately detect a polishing end point even if a change in a polishing frictional force is small. A polishing apparatus includes a polishing table for holding a polishing pad, a holder for holding a polishing target object such that the polishing target object faces the polishing pad, and an end point detector that detects, based on a signal indicating a state of polishing of the polishing target object by the polishing pad, a polishing end point indicating an end of the polishing. The end point detector is configured to remove noise of the signal, exponentiate the signal subjected to the noise removal with an exponent greater than 1, and detect the polishing end point based on the exponentiated signal.

Abstract: A sensor element includes an element body provided with a measurement-object gas flow section therein, a measurement electrode, a reference electrode, a reference-gas introduction section, and a heater that heats the element body. The reference-gas introduction section has a reference-gas introduction space that is open outward of the element body and that introduces a reference gas into the element body, and also has a porous reference-gas introduction layer that causes the reference gas to flow from the reference-gas introduction space to the reference electrode. The reference-gas introduction layer has a first porous region and a second porous region in a path segment serving as a reference-gas path between the reference-gas introduction space and the reference electrode. The second porous region has a low porosity region with a lower porosity than the first porous region and is disposed closer to the reference electrode relative to the first porous region.

Abstract: A clip that fixes a ceiling joist intersecting a ceiling joist receiver to the ceiling joist receiver, includes: a top portion having a width of the ceiling joist receiver; a first hanging portion hanging down from one end of the top portion, and provided with, at a lower portion, first engaging projections extending left and right to engage the ceiling joist; and a second hanging portion hanging down from another end of the top portion, and provided with, at a lower portion, second engaging projections extending left and right to lock the ceiling joist. The first hanging portion has a length longer than that of the second hanging portion, and a recess extending in a direction toward the second hanging portion is provided at an intermediate position of the first hanging portion.

Abstract: A filler for electronic material according to the present invention has a silica particle material produced by a dry method, wherein D50 is 0.2 ?m or greater and 7.0 ?m or less. Further, in the filler for electronic material according to the present invention, (BET specific surface area)/(theoretical specific surface area calculated from D50) is 0.85 or greater and 1.2 or less (requirement 1), and/or D10/D50 is 0.55 or greater and 0.75 or less (requirement 2). When at least one of the requirements 1 and 2 is satisfied, electric characteristics such as a Df value are improved. Here, the BET specific surface area is a value measured by using nitrogen, and D50 is a 50 mass % cumulative diameter, i.e., a median diameter, and means a particle diameter at 50 mass % when the masses of particles are sequentially integrated from smaller particle diameters. Similarly, D10 is a 10 mass % cumulative diameter.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor, a charging section that charges a surface of the photoconductor, an electrostatic charge image forming section that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the photoconductor, a developing section that accommodates a developer containing a toner and develops the electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the photoconductor by using the developer to form a toner image, a transfer section that includes an endless belt and transfers the toner image to a recording medium; and a cleaning section that includes a cleaning blade that comes into contact with a surface of the endless belt and performs cleaning of the surface of the endless belt with the cleaning blade, in which a dynamic friction coefficient ? between the endless belt and the cleaning blade is 0.10 or more and 0.

Abstract: A connector 10 including: an insulative housing 60; and a conductive terminal 20. The terminal 20 includes: a plate-shaped first conductor 21 housed in the housing 60; a plate-shaped second conductor 25 disposed outside the housing 60; and a flexible conductor 23 interposed between the first conductor 21 and the second conductor 25 and more bendable than the first conductor 21 and the second conductor 25.