Abstract: A method includes providing a substrate having a surface such that a first hard mask layer is formed over the surface and a second hard mask layer is formed over the first hard mask layer, forming a first pattern in the second hard mask layer, where the first pattern includes a first mandrel oriented lengthwise in a first direction and a second mandrel oriented lengthwise in a second direction different from the first direction, and where the first mandrel has a top surface, a first sidewall, and a second sidewall opposite to the first sidewall, and depositing a material towards the first mandrel and the second mandrel such that a layer of the material is formed on the top surface and the first sidewall but not the second sidewall of the first mandrel.

Abstract: Methods of forming line-end extensions and devices having line-end extensions are provided. In some embodiments, a method includes forming a patterned photoresist on a first region of a hard mask layer. A line-end extension region is formed in the hard mask layer. The line-end extension region extends laterally outward from an end of the first region of the hard mask layer. The line-end extension region may be formed by changing a physical property of the hard mask layer at the line-end extension region.

Abstract: A peripheral device for determining a location of at least one portable device is provided. The peripheral device includes a communication module configured to communicate with at least one portable device and a server device, and a control module configured to obtain a broadcast signal broadcast from the at least one portable device and provide location-related information to the server device configured to determine a location of the portable device, the location-related information including a time at which the broadcast signal is obtained and location information of the peripheral device.

Abstract: A method for online measurement of local permeability in resin transfer molding adopts a detection module, which includes a pressure transducer unit, at least one image capture device and a processing unit electrically connected with the pressure transducer unit and the image capture device, to measure the local permeability of the flowing resin on line.

Abstract: A peripheral device for determining a location of at least one portable device is provided. The peripheral device includes a communication module configured to communicate with at least one portable device and a server device, and a control module configured to obtain a broadcast signal broadcast from the at least one portable device and provide location-related information to the server device configured to determine a location of the portable device, the location-related information including a time at which the broadcast signal is obtained and location information of the peripheral device.