Abstract: A pair of first electrodes 111, 112 is arranged in a state being separated in a direction parallel to a contact surface 102 of a base material 10 made of a dielectric and being at least partially in contact with the base material 10. A pair of second electrodes 121, 122 is arranged in a state of overlapping at least one of the pair of first electrodes and sandwiching the base material 10 at a position farther from the contact surface 102 of the base material 10 than the pair of first electrodes 111 and 112 in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface 102 of the base material 10. The proximity state of an object Q with respect to the contact surface 102 of the base material 10 is detected according to the measurement result of the capacitance C1 between the pair of first electrodes 111 and 112.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, devices and methods that enable dynamic modification of the physicochemical properties of a hydrogel during its in vivo formation and delivery by a catheter. In some example embodiments, an extended endoluminal hydrogel delivery device is employed for delivering a hydrogel within given body cavity, such as within the lumen of a blood vessels. In some example embodiments, a hydrogel precursor, as a non-viscous liquid, is injected through an intravascular catheter and crosslinking of the hydrogel precursor is initiated within a distal region of the catheter. The crosslinking process is controlled, by a control means associated with a distal region of the catheter, to control or modify one or more properties of the hydrogel. The properties may be controlled such that a hydrogel is suitable to embolize the specific target or deliver drugs or other materials beneficial to the site.

Abstract: A method of sensing a pressure applied to a surface comprises monitoring an electrical signal generated by redistribution of mobile ions in a piezoionic layer under the surface. An externally applied local pressure at a portion of the layer induces redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer. It is determined that the surface is pressured based on detection of the electrical signal. A piezoionic sensor includes a sensing surface; a piezoionic layer disposed under the sensing surface such that an externally applied local pressure on a portion of the sensing surface causes detectable redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer; and electrodes in contact with the layer, configured to monitor electrical signal generated by the redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer.

Abstract: Sensor arrays are provided for sensing pressure and/or moisture over a two-dimensional sensing surface. The sensor arrays comprise ionically conductive materials. Individual sensor elements in the sensor arrays may comprise piezoionic ionically conductive materials, piezoresistive ionically conductive materials and/or capacitive sensor elements having electrodes fabricated from ionically conductive materials. Two-dimensional pressure maps and/or moisture maps of the sensing surface may be obtained by implementing methods comprising scanning over individual sensor elements in the sensor arrays.

Abstract: A method of sensing a pressure applied to a surface comprises monitoring an electrical signal generated by redistribution of mobile ions in a piezoionic layer under the surface. An externally applied local pressure at a portion of the layer induces redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer. It is determined that the surface is pressured based on detection of the electrical signal. A piezoionic sensor includes a sensing surface; a piezoionic layer disposed under the sensing surface such that an externally applied local pressure on a portion of the sensing surface causes detectable redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer; and electrodes in contact with the layer, configured to monitor electrical signal generated by the redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer.

Abstract: Sensor arrays are provided for sensing pressure and/or moisture over a two-dimensional sensing surface. The sensor arrays comprise ionically conductive materials. Individual sensor elements s in the sensor arrays may comprise piezoionic ionically conductive materials, piezoresistive ionically conductive materials and/or capacitive sensor elements having electrodes fabricated from ionically conductive materials. Two-dimensional pressure maps and/or moisture maps of the sensing surface may be obtained by implementing methods comprising scanning over individual sensor elements in the sensor arrays.