Abstract: An observation method includes placing a specimen on a specimen supporting film of a specimen support, attaching the specimen support to a retainer, attaching the retainer to an optical microscope retainer holding base, attaching the optical microscope retainer holding base to a specimen stage of an optical microscope and observing the specimen under the optical microscope, attaching the retainer to a transmission electron microscope retainer holding base, and loading the transmission electron microscope retainer holding base into a transmission electron microscope and observing the specimen under the transmission electron microscope.

Abstract: At one end of a fuel cell stack in a stacking direction, an insulating plate and an end plate are provided. Further, a bypass channel connecting a reactant gas supply passage and a second reactant gas discharge passage is formed between a cell stack body and the end plate. An oxygen-containing gas supplied from a reactant gas supply passage is distributed to a first reactant gas discharge passage and the second reactant gas discharge passage in the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a stack body formed by stacking a plurality of power generation cells. A first seal line of a first metal separator and a second seal line of a second metal separator protrude in a stacking direction of the stack body in a manner to contact a resin film. An insulator is provided with a first elastic seal member which contacts a second end seal line. The width of the first elastic seal member is larger than the maximum width of the second end seal line.

Abstract: To provide a manufacturing method with which lithium difluorophosphate powder can be recovered from a lithium difluorophosphate solution. A method for manufacturing lithium difluorophosphate powder is used which includes the steps of precipitating solid lithium difluorophosphate by adding a poor solvent to a solution in which lithium difluorophosphate is dissolved in a main solvent, and obtaining lithium difluorophosphate powder by solid-liquid separation of the solid lithium difluorophosphate from the liquid containing the main solvent and the poor solvent, wherein the relational expression between the octanol/water partition coefficient PP of the main solvent and the octanol/water partition coefficient PA of the poor solvent is defined by the following formula (1). PA??4/3×PP+1.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a stacked body, a first insulator and a second insulator. The stacked body includes power generation cells. The power generation cells are stacked in a stacking direction. The power generation cells include a first end power generation cell a second end power generation cell. Each of the power generation cells includes a membrane electrode assembly, a cathode separator and an anode separator. The first end power generation cell has an outermost cathode separator. The second end power generation cell has an outermost anode separator. The first insulator has a first recess in which a first heat-insulating body and a first terminal plate are accommodated. The second insulator has a second recess in which a second heat-insulating body and a second terminal plate are accommodated. A first number of first stacked heat-insulating layers is larger than a second number of second stacked heat-insulating layers.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a first knock pin and a second knock pin. A separator has an outer peripheral shape having first and second short sides. The separator has a first knock pin insertion hole adjacent to the first side and a second knock pin insertion hole adjacent to the second side. The first and second knock pin insertion holes have a circular shape. The first insulating plate has third and fourth knock pin insertion holes. The second insulating plate has fifth and sixth knock pin insertion holes. The first knock pin is inserted into the third and fifth knock pin insertion holes to be movable in the third and fifth knock pin insertion holes. The second knock pin is inserted into the fourth and sixth knock pin insertion holes to be movable in the fourth and sixth knock pin insertion holes.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a stacked body including a plurality of power generation cells stacked in a stacking direction. Insulation members and end plates are provided to sandwich the stacked body therebetween in the stacking direction. A coolant passage is provided between each of the insulation members and each of the end plates. The coolant passage includes a first coolant passage and a second coolant passage. A surface area of a region in which the first coolant passage is provided is larger than a surface area of a region in which the second coolant passage is provided. A flow rate of the coolant flowing through the first coolant passage is larger than a flow rate of the coolant flowing through the second coolant passage.

Abstract: To provide a manufacturing method with which lithium difluorophosphate powder can be recovered from a lithium difluorophosphate solution. A method for manufacturing lithium difluorophosphate powder is used which includes the steps of precipitating solid lithium difluorophosphate by adding a poor solvent to a solution in which lithium difluorophosphate is dissolved in a main solvent, and obtaining lithium difluorophosphate powder by solid-liquid separation of the solid lithium difluorophosphate from the liquid containing the main solvent and the poor solvent, wherein the relational expression between the octanol/water partition coefficient PP of the main solvent and the octanol/water partition coefficient PA of the poor solvent is defined by the following formula (1). (1): PA??4/3×PP+1.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a first knock pin and a second knock pin. A separator has an outer peripheral shape having first and second short sides. The separator has a first knock pin insertion hole adjacent to the first side and a second knock pin insertion hole adjacent to the second side. The first and second knock pin insertion holes have a circular shape. The first insulating plate has third and fourth knock pin insertion holes. The second insulating plate has fifth and sixth knock pin insertion holes. The first knock pin is inserted into the third and fifth knock pin insertion holes to be movable in the third and fifth knock pin insertion holes. The second knock pin is inserted into the fourth and sixth knock pin insertion holes to be movable in the fourth and sixth knock pin insertion holes.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a stacked body including a plurality of power generation cells stacked in a stacking direction. Insulation members and end plates are provided to sandwich the stacked body therebetween in the stacking direction. A coolant passage is provided between each of the insulation members and each of the end plates. The coolant passage includes a first coolant passage and a second coolant passage. A surface area of a region in which the first coolant passage is provided is larger than a surface area of a region in which the second coolant passage is provided. A flow rate of the coolant flowing through the first coolant passage is larger than a flow rate of the coolant flowing through the second coolant passage.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a stacked body, a first insulator and a second insulator. The stacked body includes power generation cells. The power generation cells are stacked in a stacking direction. The power generation cells include a first end power generation cell a second end power generation cell. Each of the power generation cells includes a membrane electrode assembly, a cathode separator and an anode separator. The first end power generation cell has an outermost cathode separator. The second end power generation cell has an outermost anode separator. The first insulator has a first recess in which a first heat-insulating body and a first terminal plate are accommodated. The second insulator has a second recess in which a second heat-insulating body and a second terminal plate are accommodated. A first number of first stacked heat-insulating layers is larger than a second number of second stacked heat-insulating layers.

Abstract: A first end plate that constitutes a fuel cell stack is provided with an oxidant gas supply manifold member that connects an oxidant gas inlet communication hole and a circular external pipe. The oxidant gas supply manifold member has a non-circular opening portion that communicates with the oxidant gas inlet communication hole and a circular opening portion that communicates with the circular external pipe. The non-circular opening portion is disposed within an area covered by the circular opening portion.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a stack body formed by stacking a plurality of power generation cells. At one end of the stack body, a terminal plate, an insulating member, and an end plate are stacked. At the other end of the stack body, a terminal plate, an insulating member, and an end plate are stacked. A coolant channel is formed between the insulating member and the end plate for allowing a coolant to flow along a surface of the end plate.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a stack body formed by stacking a plurality of power generation cells. At one end of the stack body, a terminal plate, an insulating member, and an end plate are stacked. At the other end of the stack body, a terminal plate, an insulating member, and an end plate are stacked. A coolant channel is formed between the insulating member and the end plate for allowing a coolant to flow along a surface of the end plate.