Abstract: An electrode according to an embodiment includes a support, an intermediate layer including carbon particles and resin on the support, and a catalyst layer on the intermediate layer. A thickness of the intermediate layer is 70 [?m] or more and 300 [?m] or less.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of an electrode structure of an embodiment, in a belt-like member in which an uncoated region not coated with an active material-containing layer is formed in one of long edges and its vicinity in a current collector, the active material-containing layer is rolled, and a tension in a longitudinal direction is applied to the belt-like member between a pulling unit pulling the belt-like member and a rolling unit rolling the active material-containing layer. In the method, the uncoated region is pushed by a projection projecting to an outer peripheral side in a roller between the rolling unit and the pulling unit, thereby enlarging the uncoated region in the longitudinal direction. A projection length of the projection to the projection end is larger than the thickness of the rolled active material-containing layer.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of an electrode structure of an embodiment, in a belt-like member in which an uncoated region not coated with an active material-containing layer is formed in one of a pair of long edges and its vicinity in a current collector, the active material-containing layer is rolled, and a tension in a longitudinal direction is applied to the belt-like member between a pulling unit pulling the belt-like member and a rolling unit rolling the active material-containing layer. In the method, between the rolling unit and the pulling unit, a pair of holding members are brought into contact with the uncoated region from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the belt-like member to which the tension is applied, thereby holding the uncoated region between the holding members.

Abstract: In a diagnosis method of a battery of an embodiment, based on a measurement result of a first impedance of a battery at a first frequency, it is determined, for each of a plurality of SOC values, whether an absolute value of a change ratio of the first impedance to the SOC is not more than a reference value. In the diagnosis method, for a target SOC value whose absolute value of the change ratio is not more than the reference value in the plurality of SOC values, a second impedance of the battery at a second frequency higher than the first frequency is measured. In the diagnosis method, determination concerning the state of the battery is performed based on the measurement results of the first impedance and the second impedance for the target SOC value.

Abstract: In a charging method of a battery of an embodiment, at each of a first time point and a second time point after a time point at which a predetermined time is elapsed from the first time point, a superimposed current obtained by superimposing a current waveform that periodically changes at a predetermined frequency on a charging current is input to the battery, thereby measuring, concerning an impedance of the battery at the predetermined frequency, a first impedance at the first time point and a second impedance at the second time point. In the charging method, using a parameter representing an increase state of the second impedance to the first impedance as an index, a current value of the charging current is adjusted.

Abstract: In a diagnosis method of an embodiment, a battery, which includes, as electrode active materials, a first electrode active material whose impedance has a first natural frequency and a second natural frequency lower than the first natural frequency and a second electrode active material whose impedance has a third natural frequency with a magnitude between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency, is diagnosed. In the method, an impedance of the battery is measured at each of a plurality of measurement target frequencies by setting, as a measurement range, a first measurement range including the first natural frequency and not including the second and third natural frequencies, and a second measurement range including the second natural frequency and not including the first and third natural frequencies.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a diagnosis method of a secondary battery, which includes a first electrode including a first electrode active material that performs a two-phase coexistence reaction, and a second electrode including a second active material that performs a single-phase reaction and having a polarity opposite to a polarity of the first electrode, is provided. In the method, a relationship between an SOC of the secondary battery and at least one of a charge transfer resistance and a vertex frequency of the second electrode is acquired by calculating at least one of the charge transfer resistance and the vertex frequency of the second electrode based on a measurement result of an impedance of the secondary battery for each of a plurality of SOC values of the secondary battery.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, provided is an electrode including an active material-containing layer that includes an active material, inorganic solid particles having lithium ion conductivity, and a carbon material. The active material-containing layer has a first peak corresponding to a maximum log differential intrusion in a log differential intrusion distribution curve according to mercury porosimetry. A pore size diameter D1 at the first peak is 0.05 ?m to 10 ?m. A first pore volume corresponding to the first peak is 20% to 50% with respect to a total pore volume within the active material-containing layer. A ratio of a second pore volume in a range of 0.005 ?m to 0.02 ?m relative to the first pore volume is 0.1% to 5%.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, provided is an electrode group including a positive electrode and a negative electrode that includes a titanium-containing oxide. The electrode group has a wound structure of a flat shape, in which a stack including the positive electrode and the negative electrode is wound such that a center of the wound structure lies along a first direction. At least a part of a portion of the negative electrode, positioned within a thickness of 0.2 t from an innermost lap along a longest straight line in a wound cross-section of the wound structure orthogonal to the first direction with respect to a thickness t from the innermost lap to an outermost lap along the longest straight line, includes a slit that lies along the first direction.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an artificial recombinant virus of the family Reoviridae, the method comprising the steps of: (1) introducing a FAST protein expression vector and/or a capping enzyme expression vector into host cells; (2) introducing a vector containing expression cassettes for individual RNA genome segments of a virus or introducing a set of single-stranded RNA transcripts from the expression cassettes into host cells; and (3) culturing the host cells. The method of the present invention allows more efficient production of an artificial recombinant virus of the family Reoviridae as compared with conventional methods and allows artificial recombinant rotavirus production without using a helper virus.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a secondary battery including a negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer. A thickness of the negative electrode current collector is in a range of 8 ?m to 18 ?m. The negative electrode current collector includes a first current collector end surface extending along a stacking direction. The negative electrode mixture layer includes a niobium-titanium composite oxide, and a first protrusion protruding from the first current collector end surface along a first direction orthogonal to the stacking direction. A protrusion length A1 of the first protrusion satisfies 0 mm<A1?1.0 mm.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an aging determination method of a battery as a target of determination is provided. With regard to a target electrode which is at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery, the method estimates a correction coefficient to correct a difference between lithium concentration distributions in the target electrode at a time of charging with a first electric current and at a time of charging with a second electric current greater than the first electric current based on a difference between electric potentials of a target electrode at the time of charging with the first electric current and at the time of charging with the second electric current, and an impedance of the target electrode at the time of charging with the second electric current.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an aging determination method of a battery as a target of determination is provided. With regard to a target electrode which is at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery, the method estimates a correction coefficient to correct a difference between lithium concentration distributions in the target electrode at a time of charging with a first electric current and at a time of charging with a second electric current greater than the first electric current based on a difference between electric potentials of a target electrode at the time of charging with the first electric current and at the time of charging with the second electric current, and an impedance of the target electrode at the time of charging with the second electric current.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an artificial recombinant RNA virus stably expressing a foreign gene, comprising the steps of: (1) obtaining a foreign gene having a modified codon composition similar to that of an RNA virus gene; (2) inserting the foreign gene obtained in step (1) into an RNA virus genome; and (3) artificially synthesizing an artificial recombinant RNA virus using reverse genetics.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an artificial recombinant virus of the family Reoviridae, the method comprising the steps of: (1) introducing a FAST protein expression vector and/or a capping enzyme expression vector into host cells; (2) introducing a vector containing expression cassettes for individual RNA genome segments of a virus or introducing a set of single-stranded RNA transcripts from the expression cassettes into host cells; and (3) culturing the host cells. The method of the present invention allows more efficient production of an artificial recombinant virus of the family Reoviridae as compared with conventional methods and allows artificial recombinant rotavirus production without using a helper virus.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of producing a secondary battery is provided. The method includes preparing a battery architecture including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte; adjusting a positive electrode potential to a range of 3.4 V to 3.9 V and a negative electrode potential to a range of 1.5 V to 2.0 V based on an oxidation-reduction potential of lithium, thereby providing a potential adjusted state; and holding the battery architecture in the potential adjusted state at a holding temperature of 50° C. to 90° C. The positive electrode includes a lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxide. The negative electrode includes a niobium-titanium composite oxide. The electrolyte includes one or more first organic solvent having a viscosity of 1 cP or less.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes an active material-containing layer and a current collector. The active material-containing layer comprises a first edge having an arc shape and a second edge positioned opposite to the first edge. The current collector comprises an active material-supporting section supporting the active material-containing layer, and an active material-non-supporting section. The curving amount is represented by a maximum distance from the first edge to a reference line connecting two points on the first edge. The curving amount is in a range of ?1 mm or more and less than 0 mm.

Abstract: According to a storage battery of an embodiment includes a first battery module and a second battery module connected in parallel with the first battery module. The number of first cells connected in series in the first battery module is M, and the number of second cells connected in series in the second battery module is N. When an open circuit voltage at SOC=X % of the first cells and the second cells are Va1 (X) and Va2 (X), respectively, the voltages of the battery modules are M×Va1 (X)<N×Va2 (X) in the range where the SOC of the cell is 0% to 30%, and M×Va1 (X)>N×Va2 (X) in the range where the SOC of the cell is 70% to 100%.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, provided is an electrode group including a positive electrode and a negative electrode that includes a titanium-containing oxide. The electrode group has a wound structure of a flat shape, in which a stack including the positive electrode and the negative electrode is wound such that a center of the wound structure lies along a first direction. At least a part of a portion of the negative electrode, positioned within a thickness of 0.2 t from an innermost lap along a longest straight line in a wound cross-section of the wound structure orthogonal to the first direction with respect to a thickness t from the innermost lap to an outermost lap along the longest straight line, includes a slit that lies along the first direction.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a storage battery includes one or more first batteries that include a first active material as a negative electrode active material, and one or more second batteries that include a second active material having an operation electric potential lower than that of the first active material as a negative electrode active material. Charge and the discharge of the second batteries are stopped based on a fact that a temperature of the storage battery is lower than a temperature threshold. The second batteries are caused to charge or discharge based on a fact that the temperature of the storage battery is equal to or higher than the temperature threshold.