Abstract: An optical reflection element has a frame, a pair of meandering-shaped vibration elements, a mirror having a reflection surface, and a pair of protective beams. The vibration elements have their respective outer ends supported by confronting portions of an inside of the frame. The vibration elements support the mirror with respective inner ends thereof. The protective beams extend from the respective confronting portions of the inside of the frame toward the mirror with a predetermined space from the vibration elements and in parallel with a vibration axis of the vibration elements.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus is configured to include a light source that emits a beam of light, and a scanning device that scans the beam of light in two axial directions that are mutually substantially perpendicular at a first frequency fH and a second frequency fL. The scanning device calculates the first frequency fH and the second frequency fL by using predetermined mathematical formulas, and scans the beam of light at the calculated first frequency fH and second frequency fL.

Abstract: A novel method capable of liberating a peptide from a complex of peptide and albumin and the associated method of recovering the peptide are provided. When a liquid sample containing a complex of peptide and albumin undergoes heat treatment, a self-aggregate of albumin formed in the liquid sample. The peptide is simultaneously liberated from the complex and recovered by removing the self-aggregate from the liquid sample.

Abstract: An optical reflecting element includes a mirror, and a pair of high-frequency vibrators and a pair of low-frequency vibrators for vibrating the mirror. The high-frequency vibrators include a substrate, a bottom electrode layer formed on the substrate, a piezoelectric layer, and a drive electrode and a first monitor electrode as the top electrode layer. One end of the low-frequency vibrator has the substrate shared with the high-frequency vibrator, a bottom electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, and a second monitor electrode as the top electrode layer. The other end of the low-frequency vibrator has the substrate shared with the high-frequency vibrator, a bottom electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, a first monitor electrode, and an insulator layer as a dead zone for preventing a piezoelectric effect due to the piezoelectric layer from reaching the first monitor electrode.

Abstract: An optical reflecting element includes a mirror, and a pair of high-frequency vibrators and a pair of low-frequency vibrators for vibrating the mirror. The high-frequency vibrators include a substrate, a bottom electrode layer formed on the substrate, a piezoelectric layer, and a drive electrode and a first monitor electrode as the top electrode layer. One end of the low-frequency vibrator has the substrate shared with the high-frequency vibrator, a bottom electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, and a second monitor electrode as the top electrode layer. The other end of the low-frequency vibrator has the substrate shared with the high-frequency vibrator, a bottom electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, a first monitor electrode, and an insulator layer as a dead zone for preventing a piezoelectric effect due to the piezoelectric layer from reaching the first monitor electrode.

Abstract: An amplifying circuit with a bypassing function includes an input terminal to which a signal is input from an antenna, an amplifier connected to the input terminal, a first inductor connected between the input port and a ground, and a bypass circuit connected between the input terminal and the output port of the amplifier. The bypass circuit includes a first port connected to the input terminal, a second port connected to the output port of the amplifier, a switch, a capacitor, and a second inductor. The switch is connected in series between the first and second ports. The capacitor is connected in series to the switch between the first and second ports. The second inductor is connected in series to the switch and the capacitor between the first and second ports. Signal power is not reduced drastically even when the signal passes through the bypass circuit.

Abstract: A signal branching filter according to the invention is a signal branching filter connected to a network having at least four terminals. The signal branching filter includes a first line one end of which is connected to a first terminal of the network, a second line one end of which is connected to a second terminal of the network, a third line one end of which is connected to a third terminal of network, and a fourth line one end of which is connected to a fourth terminal of the network. The other end of the first line and the other end of the second line are connected to each other at a first node, and the other end of the third line and the other end of the fourth line are connected to each other at a second node. When a signal is received from the first node, a phase difference between a phase of a signal appearing on a second node side of the third line and a phase of a signal appearing on a second node side of the fourth line is almost 180°±360°*n is an integer equal to or larger than 0).

Abstract: An amplifying circuit with a bypassing function includes an input terminal to which a signal is input from an antenna, an amplifier connected to the input terminal, a first inductor connected between the input port and a ground, and a bypass circuit connected between the input terminal and the output port of the amplifier. The bypass circuit includes a first port connected to the input terminal, a second port connected to the output port of the amplifier, a switch, a capacitor, and a second inductor. The switch is connected in series between the first and second ports. The capacitor is connected in series to the switch between the first and second ports. The second inductor is connected in series to the switch and the capacitor between the first and second ports.