Abstract: A resistive element is produced by forming a substrate glazed with glass, printing or coating a resistive element-forming paste onto the substrate, calcining the paste in a first heating step to form an element comprising a film on the substrate and subjecting the resulting element to a heat treatment in a second heating step to diffuse an amount of glass into the film to increase resistivity of the element.

Abstract: A resistive element film-forming paste includes (1) an organic metal compound, (2) at least one organic non-metal additive, and (3) a solution of asphalt in a solvent. A resistive element is formed by coating the paste on a substrate followed by calcining.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a light-sensitive layer containing a bisazo or trisazo compound represented by formula (I-1), (II-1), (III,1), (IV-1), (V-1) or (VI-1): ##STR1##

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor high in sensitivity and contrast potential after light irradiation is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises an electroconductive substrate having thereon a photoconductive layer comprising a charge generating layer comprising a charge generating material, and a charge transporting layer comprising a charge transporting material, wherein the ionization potential IPg of the charge generating material is lower than the ionization potential IPt of the charge transporting material, the difference therebetween is 0.35 eV or less, and the difference between the ionization potential IPg1 of the charge generating layer and the ionization potential IPt1 of the charge transporting layer is within the range of -0.1 to +0.1 eV.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an electroconductive support having thereon a light-sensitive layer. At least the outermost layer of the light-sensitive layer contains (1) fine grains of at least one of a melamine-formaldehyde condensate and a benzoguanamine-formaldehyde condensate, and, as a binder resin, a polycarbonate resin comprising a constitutive unit represented by formula (II); or (2) fine grains of a benzoguanamine-melamine-formaldehyde condensate having an average grain size of from 0.03 to 4 .mu.m.

Abstract: A resistive film-forming composition to be coated on a substrate and calcined to form a resistive film is disclosed, which contains an organic iridium compound selected from a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group, a compound represented by formula (II):Ir(R.sup.4 COCR.sup.3 COR.sup.5).sub.3wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each represent an alkyl group. A uniform resistive film having excellent electrical characteristics can be formed with good adhesion to a substrate.

Abstract: A phase separation liquid crystal polymer for displays, optical shutters and memories is disclosed, having on the side chains thereof at least one liquid crystal component and at least one non-liquid crystal component, said liquid crystal component and non-liquid crystal component being present in separate phases. The polymer has an increased degree of freedom in control of physical properties and exhibits improved resolving power, improved contrast, and improved rate of response.

Abstract: A process for producing monodispersed fine particles of a vinyl polymer is disclosed, which comprises polymerizing monomers containing at least one vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic vinyl compounds, acrylic esters, and a methacrylic ester in the presence of (1) a surface active agent represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl group and M represents an alkali metal, (2) from 10.sup.-3 to 10.sup.-1 mol/l of a persulfate as a polymerization initiator, and (3) from 10.sup.-4 to 10.sup.-2 mol/l of a divalent metal sulfate as an electrolyte. Monodispersed vinyl polymer fine particles having a particle size of 1 .mu.m or greater with a very narrow size distribution are obtained.

Abstract: A squarylium compound represented by formula (III) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a fluorine atom.

Abstract: An optical modulation display device is disclosed, comprising a polymer matrix having dispersed therein a liquid crystal composition containing a photochromic compound as a constituting component, or comprising a photochromic polymer matrix having dispersed therein a liquid crystal composition. The display device provides a wide area and flexible display which can be driven without using a matrix addressing system.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a charge-generating layer which includes selected photosensitive pigment particles and a compound which is a tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane compound, an anthraquinone compound, a dicyanovinyl compound, or a special quinone compound. The compound is incorporated in an amount in a range from 0.01 to 2 molar equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 1 molar equivalent, to the pigment, which has a positive hole transporting property. The photossensitive member has a charge-transporting layer and can also have a protective layer. The pigment is a phthalocyanine series pigment, a squearyrium series p igment, or a perylene series pigment. A process of using the photosensitive member includes reversal development and multicolor toner transfer. It is found that the process is adaptable to change in size of the transfer medium.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support having thereon a photosensitive layer is disclosed, wherein a charge transport layer constituting said photosensitive layer or a protective layer formed on said photosensitive layer contains a charge transporting agent, said charge transporting agent being dissolved in a solid state or dispersed in a polycarbonate resin containing a monomer unit represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a cyano group, or a phenyl group; R.sub.2 represents a methyl group, a cyano group, or a phenyl group; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are connected to each other to form a 5- or 6-membered saturated ring; X represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; n represents an integer; and m represents 0 or an integer.The photoreceptor exhibits high sensitivity with low residual potential.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a charge-generating layer which includes selected photosensitive pigment particles and a compound which is a tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane compound, an anthraquinone compound, a dicyanovinyl compound, or a special quinone compound. The compound is incorporated in an amount in a range from 0.01 to 2 molar equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 1 molar equivalent, to the pigment, which has a positive hole transporting property. The photosensitive member has a charge-transporting layer and can also have a protective layer. The pigment is a phthalocyanine series pigment, a squearyrium series pigment, or a perylene series pigment. A process of using the photosensitive member includes reversal development and multicolor toner transfer. It is found that the process is adaptable to change in size of the transfer medium.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a charge-generating layer which includes selected photosensitive pigment particles and a compound which is a tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane compound, an anthraquinone compound, a dicyanovinyl compound, or a special quinone compound. The compound is incorporated in an amount in a range from 0.01 to 2 molar equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 1 molar equivalent, to the pigment, which has a positive hole transporting property. The photosensitive member has a charge-transporting layer and can also have a protective layer. The pigment is a phthalocyanine series pigment, a squearyrium series pigment, or a perylene series pigment. A process of using the photosensitive member includes reversal development and multicolor toner transfer. It is found that the process is adaptable to change in size of the transfer medium.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a charge-generating layer which includes selected photosensitive pigment particles and a compound which is a tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane compound, an anthraquinone compound, a dicyanovinyl compound, or a special quinone compound. The compound is incorporated in an amount in a range from 0.01 to 2 molar equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 1 molar equivalent, to the pigment, which has a positive hole transporting property. The photosensitive member has a charge-supporting layer and can also have a protective layer. The pigment is a phthalocyanine series pigment, a squearyrium series pigment, or a perylene series pigment. A process of using the photosensitive member includes reversal development and multicolor toner transfer. It is found that the process is adaptable to change in size of the transfer medium.

Abstract: A fluorene derivative useful as an electron transport material is disclosed, which is represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-sensitive material comprising a conductive support having formed thereon a light-sensitive layer containing a squarylium compound represented by formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a carboxy group, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkyl or phenyl-substituted carbonamido group, or an alkyl- or phenyl-substituted sulfonamido group; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 each represents a group shown by ##STR2## wherein Z represents an atomic group necessary for forming a ring and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, each represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, an unsubstituted benzyl group, or a benzyl group substituted by at least one of an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and a trifluoromethyl group); and X.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a squarylium compound useful as a photoconductive material for an electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which process comprises reacting an arylhydroxycyclobutenedione salt or a hydroxycyclobutenedione derivative with an aniline derivative is disclosed. The process comprises dropwise adding a solution of the arylhydroxycyclobutenedione salt or hydroxycyclobutenedione derivative in a solvent, to an alcohol solution of the aniline derivative in an alcohol solvent. An electrophotographic photoreceptor produced by using the thus obtained squarylium compound exhibits and sensitivity, satisfactory chargeability, low dark decay, low residual potential, and excellent stability after repeated use.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising a conductive substrate having thereon a photosensitive layer, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (I), a compound of formula (II), and a compound of formula (III) as defined below: ##STR1## wherein X.sup.I represents a cyano group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an aryloxycarbonyl group; R.sup.I.sub.1 and R.sup.I.sub.2 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, a nitro group, a halogen atom, or a cyano group; A.sup.I represents ##STR2## wherein R.sup.I.sub.3 and R.sup.I.sub.9 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a nitro group, a halogen atom, or a cyano group; and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3; ##STR3## wherein X.sup.II represents O, C(CN).sub.2 or C(CO.sub.2 R.sup.II).sub.2, wherein R.sup.II is an alkyl group; R.sup.II.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising an electrically conductive substrate having thereon and a light-sensitive layer, said light-sensitive layer comprising an electric charge generating layer and an electric charge transporting layer, wherein the electric charge generating layer contains an electric charge generating organic pigment having positive hole transporting properties and a pyrylium compound represented by the formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 are each a hydrogen atom, and alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a benzyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted styryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and Z.sup..crclbar. is an anion.