Abstract: The present invention is applied to an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein a photosensitive body charged by a charger is exposed to light emitted from an exposer, for the formation of an electrostatic latent image, and wherein the electrostatic latent iamge is developed by a developer and the image developed by the developer is transferred on a paper sheet by a transfer charger. The transfer charger of the apparatus is made up of a converter transformer, a switching circuit for controlling the excitation of the converter transformer, and an error detector, arranged in association with the converter transformer, for detecting an error voltage corresponding to a transfer voltage.

Abstract: A printing device comprises a page memory and a printing section. The printing device further comprises a font stack memory and a control circuit. The font stack memory stores the combination of the character code and the attribute information corresponding to a bit map font stored in the page memory, together with the coordinate information identifying that area of the page memory in which the bit map font is stored. The control circuit receives a series of character codes together with attribute information and layout information, and checks whether or not each character code is registered in the font stack memory together with the attribute information allotted to the character code.

Abstract: Multi-color recording materials where the color forming layers are established on the same side of the support are disclosed.

Abstract: A heat transfer recording medium composed of a support having provided thereon (a) microcapsules containing an oil-soluble dye dissolved in an organic solvent and (b) a sensitizer that is solid at ordinary temperature and capable of melting on heating to swell the microcapsule wall and release the dye. This heat transfer recording medium can be used as a sheet in, for example, a facsimile and a printer, for excellent gradation in printed images, and reduced fogging.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystalline composition comprising(a) a compound represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R' represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,(b) a compound represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R is as defined, and R' represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,(c) at least one compound selected from compounds represented by the general formula ##STR3## wherein R is as defined, and X represents a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom,and compounds represented by the general formula ##STR4## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and ##STR5## and optionally a compound represented by the general formula ##STR6## wherein R is as defined, and R' represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A 1,2-di[trans(equatorial-equatorial)cyclohexyl]-ethane derivative of the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R and R', independently from each other, represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A 1-cyclohexyl-2-cyclohexylphenylethane derivative of the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, independently from each other, represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition composed of (i) at least one compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents n-C.sub.m H.sub.2m+1, R.sub.2 represents n-C.sub.q H.sub.2q+1 -O, and m and q are integers of 1 to 10,(ii) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of nematic liquid crystalline compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy and homologs thereof, and (iii) as an optional ingredient, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of nematic liquid crystalline compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy and homologs thereof. This liquid crystal composition is colorless and chemically stable and has superior multiplexing drive characteristics. These properties render it useful as a display element.

Abstract: A displacement sensor which provides the output electrical signal proportional to the mechanical movement or displacement, without utilizing the mechanical friction. The present displacement sensor comprises of a cylindrical bobbin, a pair of solenoid coils provided on said bobbin with the predetermined spacing between each coils, the length of each of the solenoid coils being the same as that each other, a ferrite core adjustably inserted in said bobbin, a support connected to said ferrite core and an external device the displacement of which is to be sensed, a means for connecting the leads of said coils to external lead lines, and the length of said ferrite core being so defined that the total inductance of the series connected coils is independent from the position of said ferrite core in said bobbin.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group containing 1 to 9 carbon atoms. When added to nematic liquid crystals for electro-optical display elements, these compounds enable the liquid crystals to be operated at low voltages.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline composition comprising a nematic liquid crystalline substance and as an additive, a 1,8-diazo-bicyclo(5,4,0) undecene-7 alkyl ammonium salt of benzoic acid optionally having a substituent at the paraposition.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition comprising (I) 4-n-valeryloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, (II) 4-n-caproyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl and (III) 4'-cyanophenyl-4-n-heptylbenzoate, and either (IV) 4'-cyanophenyl-4-n-butylbenzoate or (V) 4'-cyanophenyl-4-n-nonylbenzoate, said composition having a crystal-nematic transition temperature of -40.degree. to -20.degree. C and a nematic-isotropic transition temperature of 50.degree. to 65.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing a mixture of organic carboxylic acids and esters thereof consisting predominantly of epsilon-hydroxycaproic acid, adipic acid, formylvaleric acid, and esters of these acids by oxidizing a mixture of cyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with molecular oxygen, which comprises withdrawing at least a part of the oxidation reaction mixture from the oxidation reaction system, extracting the organic carboxylic acids and esters thereof from the oxidation reaction mixture until the concentration of the total carboxyl groups of said oxidation reaction mixture is reduced to a value not greater than 1.

Abstract: Lactones are separated from a mixture of (a) at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydroxy acids wherein the OH group and the COOH group are bonded through 3 or 4 carbon atoms, lactones derived therefrom, lower polymers of said hydroxy acids and/or said lactones and esters of said hydroxy acids and/or said lactones and (b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydroxy acids wherein the OH group and the COOH group are bonded through 5 carbon atoms, lactones derived therefrom, lower polymers of said hydroxy acids and/or said lactones and esters of said hydroxy acids and/or said lactones, by heating said mixture in the presence of one or more monovalent or bivalent aliphatic or alicyclic alcohols under the conditions so as to remove the lactones from said (a) by distillation.