Abstract: A system and a solution-preparation-determining apparatus which determines whether additional preparation of an undiluted dialysate solution is necessary.

Abstract: A composite substrate includes a base layer formed of a composite material containing diamond and a metal, the base layer a first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a flat layer having a lower surface bonded to the first surface of the base layer, and an upper surface having a surface roughness Ra of 10 nm or less; and an insulating layer directly bonded to the upper surface of the flat layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a manufacturing method which enables manufacturing of an ultra-fine, thin contact for current inspection jigs. After a gold or gold alloy plating layer is formed, an Ni electroformed layer is formed by electroformation on the outer periphery of the formed plating layer. After a resistant layer is formed on the outer periphery of the Ni electroformed layer, a spiral groove is formed in the resistant layer by laser exposure, and etching is carried out using the resistant layer as a masking material. The Ni electroformed layer is removed from the part of the resistant layer where the spiral groove was formed, and then the resistant layer is removed and the plating layer is removed from the part of the spiral groove section where the Ni electroformed layer was removed. The core material is then removed, leaving the plating layer inside the periphery of the Ni electroformed layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a manufacturing method which enables manufacturing of an ultra-fine, thin contact for current inspection jigs. After a gold or gold alloy plating layer is formed, an Ni electroformed layer is formed by electroformation on the outer periphery of the formed plating layer. After a resistant layer is formed on the outer periphery of the Ni electroformed layer, a spiral groove is formed in the resistant layer by laser exposure, and etching is carried out using the resistant layer as a masking material. The Ni electroformed layer is removed from the part of the resistant layer where the spiral groove was formed, and then the resistant layer is removed and the plating layer is removed from the part of the spiral groove section where the Ni electroformed layer was removed. The core material is then removed, leaving the plating layer inside the periphery of the Ni electroformed layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing an electrocast tube having a fine inner diameter, and an electrocast tube. It also provides a thin wire material for production of an electrocast tube having a fine inner diameter. An electrocast tube producing method comprising the steps of forming an elecrtodeposit around a thin wire material (30) by electrocasting, and removing the thin wire material (30) from the electrodeposit, wherein the thin wire material (30) is removed either by heating the electrodeposit for thermal expansion or by cooling the thin wire material (30) for contraction, so as to form a clearance between the electrodeposit and the thin wire material (30), followed by gripping and pulling, or sucking the thin wire material (30) or physically pushing it away or blowing gas or liquid to push it away.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing an electrocast tube having a fine inner diameter, and an electrocast tube. It also provides a thin wire material for production of an electrocast tube having a fine inner diameter. An electrocast tube producing method comprising the steps of forming an elecrtodeposit around a thin wire material (30) by electrocasting, and removing the thin wire material (30) from the electrodeposit, wherein the thin wire material (30) is removed either by heating the electrodeposit for thermal expansion or by cooling the thin wire material (30) for contraction, so as to form a clearance between the electrodeposit and the thin wire material (30), followed by gripping and pulling, or sucking the thin wire material (30) or physically pushing it away or blowing gas or liquid to push it away.

Abstract: In a radio display pager, each character of a received multi-character message is checked for error. A first message arrival or a first receive message is stored in a temporary memory and thereafter rewritten into one of main memories when the next message or second message arrival is received. The temporary memory stores the most recent message arrival and the main memories store a plurality of like messages, according to their successive order of earlier arrivals. Each of the messages in both memories contain both error-free and error-containing characters. The characters stored in the temporary memory respectively correspond in position to the characters stored in each of the main memories. A comparison is made between each error-free character in the temporary memory and each of the positionally corresponding error-free characters in one of the main memories in order to detect a match and mismatch.

Abstract: A pager which is usable in a plurality of service areas is disclosed. The pager includes a radio section for selectively receiving and modulating two or more radio frequencies, and frequency switching means for switching the receive frequency of the radio section when a signal on a predetermined receive frequency fails to be received. Power source control means is provided for cutting down power consumption. The own call signal is switched at the same time as the receive frequency to offer an effect as would be provided by a plurality of pagers. The receive frequency is displayed so that the user may see a particular service area to which his or her own pager belongs.