Abstract: Disclosed are process for producing a compound having NPYY5 receptor antagonism and useful crystals. A process for producing a compound represented by the formula (IV): wherein R1 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and n is 1 or 2, or the like, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (II): wherein R1 and n are as defined above, and X is a leaving group, or the like and a compound represented by formula (III): wherein R2 is as defined above, or the like.

Abstract: A process for producing a compound of the formula (II): (wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or the like, R5 is alkyl or alkoxyalkyl, A is O or S, Ar is aryl or the like, * represents the position of an asymmetric carbon atom and that the compound is the (R) or (S) isomer and Q is an optical resolution reagent) comprising isolating the compound as crystals from a solution or suspension containing the compound of the formula (II) (wherein * represents that the compound is the (R) or (S) isomer or a mixture thereof and the other symbols are the same as the above).

Abstract: A controller for a cylinder cut-off type internal combustion engine is provided for ensuring an activated state of catalysts in cylinders, which are stopped during a partial cylinder operation, at all times to maintain favorable emission characteristics upon switching from the partial cylinder operation to a full cylinder operation, and for maintaining a satisfactory fuel consumption rate by conducting the partial cylinder operation to the utmost. The cylinder cut-off type internal combustion engine can be switched between the partial cylinder operation and the full cylinder operation. Exhaust gas from cylinders in a right bank, which are switched off during the partial cylinder operation, and from cylinders in a left bank is purified by two catalyst units in exhaust pipes independent of each other.

Abstract: A controller for a cylinder cut-off type internal combustion engine is provided for ensuring an activated state of catalysts in cylinders, which are stopped during a partial cylinder operation, at all times to maintain favorable emission characteristics upon switching from the partial cylinder operation to a full cylinder operation, and for maintaining a satisfactory fuel consumption rate by conducting the partial cylinder operation to the utmost. The cylinder cut-off type internal combustion engine can be switched between the partial cylinder operation and the full cylinder operation. Exhaust gas from cylinders in a right bank, which are switched off during the partial cylinder operation, and from cylinders in a left bank is purified by two catalyst units in exhaust pipes independent of each other.

Abstract: 7.beta.-[(Z)-2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-3-(1,2,3-tria zol-4-yl)thiomethylthio-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride and its crystalline hydrate, have a potent antibiotic activity, low toxicity and are pharmaceutically stable. They are useful as an active ingredient for clinically useful antibiotic formulations. Methods are disclosed for their production.

Abstract: An intake system in a multi-cylinder type internal combustion engine comprises throttle valves disposed in a plurality of intake passages commonly connected to an air cleaner, and fuel injection valves disposed in the intake passages downstream of the throttle valves in an intake direction. In such intake system, a plurality of funnel-shaped portions are provided in a throttle body having opposite ends directly coupled to an intake manifold and an air cleaner, respectively, and each of the throttle valves is disposed in the throttle body, so that its upstream end in the intake direction is located at least on the corresponding funnel-shaped portion, when the throttle valve is fully opened. The throttle body includes ports provided therein, which are opened into the intake passages between a coupled surface of the throttle body to the intake manifold and the throttle valves, respectively, and which communicate with one another.

Abstract: An output control system for an internal combustion engine for an automotive vehicle having a variable capacity type compressor installed therein and driven by the engine, in which the output torque of the engine is increased by means of an engine output incremental value in response to operation of the compressor. Load torque produced by the compressor is detected through the piston stroke and discharge pressure of the compressor, and the engine output incremental value is set depending on the detected load torque. The engine output incremental value is also set depending on the engine rotation speed.

Abstract: A stroke detection correcting system for variable displacement type compressors comprises a variable displacement type compressor including a plurality of working pistons operatively connected to an internal combustion engine and variable in stroke, a stroke detecting device for detecting the operation stroke of the working pistons, a switching device for changing the switching mode when the stroke of each working piston is in a given range previously set, and a correcting circuit for correcting the detected value from the stroke detecting device on the basis of a predetermined value in accordance with the changing of the switching mode of the switching device. This makes it possible to correct the detected value from the stroke detecting device on the basis of the actual operation stroke of the working piston to provide a substantially correct stroke value, regardless of an error of attachment of and a deterioration with age of the stroke detecting device.

Abstract: A cooling-fan controlling apparatus for an air conditioner system including a variable volume compressor, including a work-performed detecting device for detecting the work performed by the variable volume compressor, a discharge-pressure detecting device for detecting the pressure discharged from said compressor, and a controller for controlling the drive speed of a cooling fan on the basis of both the values detected in said work-performed detecting device and said discharge pressure detecting device.