Abstract: A distributed control system includes a tree topology network or a daisy-chain network including a communication parent station, communication child stations, and a plurality of communication paths among the communication parent station and the communication child stations, in which the communication parent station and the communication child stations include a scheduling unit that controls a transfer cycle that is temporal intervals of data transfer. The scheduling unit sets the transfer cycle that is the fastest out of a plurality of the data as a reference cycle, counts the number of times each time the reference cycle elapses, and imparts a value of the number of times to the reference cycle as a cycle number. When the cycle number reaches an optional number, the number of times is returned to an initial value, which makes one cycle of transfer control, and the transfer control is repeatedly executed.

Abstract: In the present invention, device information is collected while real-time performance and high-speed performance of control-related normal communication are maintained. The distributed control system has: a central processing device; a central communication device; multiple terminal communication devices each having at least one controlled device connected thereto; an information storage device; and a network having a tree structure comprising multiple communication paths between the central communication device and the terminal communication devices, between the terminal communication devices, and between the terminal communication devices and the information storage device.

Abstract: In the present invention, device information is collected while real-time performance and high-speed performance of control-related normal communication are maintained. The distributed control system has: a central processing device; a central communication device; multiple terminal communication devices each having at least one controlled device connected thereto; an information storage device; and a network having a tree structure comprising multiple communication paths between the central communication device and the terminal communication devices, between the terminal communication devices, and between the terminal communication devices and the information storage device.

Abstract: A signal detected by a photomultiplier tube is pre-amplified and converted into a digital signal. A time average value of signal components, each of which has a voltage lower than a predetermined base threshold value, is calculated as a base voltage. A signal that has been subjected to base correction processing is subjected to threshold value processing and to base correction processing in a non-incident state in which light is not incident on the photomultiplier tube. An output signal thereof is subjected to dark current calculation processing; and a light emission signal amount is calculated by subtracting, from the signal component of the detection light obtained by the threshold value processing, a time average value of the signal components of the dark current. As the result, discriminating the dark current pulse from floor noises enhances the accuracy of the base voltage, and thus the accuracy of light detection.

Abstract: A signal detected by a photomultiplier tube is pre-amplified and converted into a digital signal. A time average value of signal components, each of which has a voltage lower than a predetermined base threshold value, is calculated as a base voltage. A signal that has been subjected to base correction processing is subjected to threshold value processing and to base correction processing in a non-incident state in which light is not incident on the photomultiplier tube. An output signal thereof is subjected to dark current calculation processing; and a light emission signal amount is calculated by subtracting, from the signal component of the detection light obtained by the threshold value processing, a time average value of the signal components of the dark current. As the result, discriminating the dark current pulse from floor noises enhances the accuracy of the base voltage, and thus the accuracy of light detection.

Abstract: A stick-type cosmetic applicator comprising: a solid cosmetic; a housing sleeve for said solid cosmetic; a sliding sleeve which has a solid cosmetic holder at the top thereof which holder moves along the inner surface of said housing sleeve; a driving sleeve which has at least a continued spiral groove on the inner surface thereof; a guide sleeve which is installed into said driving sleeve and has at least one longitudinal slot for guiding a pin which is provided on said sliding sleeve and engages with said spiral groove through said slot; an intermediate sleeve which is installed onto the outer side of the lower portion of said housing sleeve and receives a cap, and; an outer sleeve installed onto the outer side of the lower portion of said intermediate sleeve. Said guide sleeve and said driving sleeve are disposed below said housing sleeve.