Abstract: The invention provides a nontoxic, undangerous resist residue remover that enables removal of resist residues to be carried out without metal corrosion or other problems and with safety. The remover is an aqueous solution containing ammonium phosphate and/or condensed ammonium phosphate and having a pH ranging from 1 to 10.

Abstract: The cleaner of the present invention contains, as an active ingredient, a polyphosphoric-acid-urea condensate or phosphoric-acid-urea polymer which is a reaction product from orthophosphoric acid and urea and is used for cleaning a metal surface and/or a glass surface in at least one process of a semiconductor device production process and a liquid crystal device production process. According to the present invention, an etching residue and impurities on metal (including semimetal) and glass surfaces can be cleaned off with high environmental and working safety and effectively without causing the problem of metal corrosion.

Abstract: A halogenated organic compound is introduced into a plasma. In the plasma state, substances are very reactive and chemical substances which are not readily decomposed such as halogenated organic compounds are decomposed in a short time. Specifically, in a high-temperature plasma exceeding 10,000.degree. C., almost all molecules are considered to dissociate into atoms. A reactive substance such as water is introduced into a plasma together with a halogenated organic compound. The decomposed halogenated organic compound is caused to react with the reactive substance, for preventing the decomposed organic compound from returning to its original state.

Abstract: A mixed gas is contacted with a non-carbonaceous adsorbent while irradiating the adsorbent with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 1 MHz to 25 GHz, such as a microwave, so that a gas component having a smaller coefficient of dielectric loss is selectively adsorbed by the adsorbent. A gas adsorbed on an adsorbent may be desorbed therefrom by contact with a desorbing gas while irradiating the adsorbent with the above electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A halogenated organic compound is introduced into a plasma. In the plasma state, substances are very reactive and chemical substances which are not readily decomposed such as halogenated organic compounds are decomposed in a short time. Specifically, in a high-temperature plasma exceeding 10,000.degree. C., almost all molecules are considered to dissociate into atoms. A reactive substance such as water is introduced into a plasma together with a halogenated organic compound. The decomposed halogenated organic compound is caused to react with the reactive substance, for preventing the decomposed organic compound from returning to its original state.

Abstract: A halogenated organic compound is introduced into a plasma. In the plasma state, substances are very reactive and chemical substances which are not readily decomposed such as halogenated organic compounds are decomposed in a short time. Specifically, in a high-temperature plasma exceeding 10,000.degree. C., almost all molecules are considered to dissociate into atoms. A reactive substance such as water is introduced into a plasma together with a halogenated organic compound. The decomposed halogenated organic compound is caused to react with the reactive substance, for preventing the decomposed organic compound from returning to its original state.

Abstract: An overhead camshaft in an engine is rotatably supported by a camshaft support assembly comprising a plurality of bearing bases, a plurality of cam holders mounted on the bearing bases, respectively, and a rigid frame mounted on the cam holders and interconnecting them. The bearing bases and the cam holders jointly define a plurality of bearing surfaces by which the camshaft is rotatably supported. The cam holders may be integrally interconnected by side walls joined to opposite ends of the cam holders. The rigid frame includes an internal longitudinal oil pipe for ejecting lubricating oil onto cam surfaces of the camshaft. The bearing bases and the rigid frame may be made of an aluminum alloy, whereas the cam holders may be made of cast iron. Each of the cam holders has an oil supply port opening into one of the bearing surfaces at a position such that the lubricating oil will be supplied fully around the journal of the camshaft which is rotatably supported by the bearing surface.

Abstract: A coolant passage system in a V-shaped internal combustion engine includes a coolant pump disposed on one side of the engine in the direction of the crankshaft at the V-shaped space between the cylinder banks for delivering a coolant into coolant jackets defined respectively in the cylinder banks, the coolant pump having an inlet opening toward the V-shaped space. A collecting conduit is disposed on an opposite side of the engine at the V-shaped space for delivering the coolant from the coolant jackets to a radiator. A valve casing housing a thermovalve therein for delivering the coolant from said radiator is integrally formed with the collecting conduit and has an outlet opening toward the V-shaped space. The inlet of the coolant pump and the outlet of the collecting conduit are interconnected by a connecting pipe disposed in the V-shaped space.

Abstract: An oil supply system for the overhead valve actuating mechanism of an internal combustion engine. A cam follower is engaged by a hydraulic tappet for constantly maintaining positive contact among the valve actuating mechanism components including a rocker arm pivotally mounted on a rocker shaft and engaging the end of the valve for opening same and a pusher rod extending between the rocker arm and the cam follower. Oil is supplied under pressure to the hydraulic tappet for operating same and from a reservoir chamber in the tappet through oil passages in the cam follower, pusher rod and rocker arm to lubricate the rocker shaft and the points of engagement between those components.

Abstract: A system for cooling the engine compartment and for providing clean air to the air cleaner of a motorized cycle having a body cover, including an engine fan, a fan cover extending between the fan and a head cover surrounding the cylinder head, and a vent hole in the shroud formed by the fan cover and the head cover directing the air flow induced by the fan, after it has been used to cool the cylinder head, into the engine compartment defined by the body cover and towards the air cleaner intake port.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which includes an engine block in the shape of a V having a cylinder, a piston reciprocally mounted on the cylinder and a cylinder head having a combustion chamber has a spark plug positioned in the cylinder head at about the axis of the cylinder. In the preferred embodiment two intake valves and two exhaust valves are positioned in the cylinder head for each cylinder with the valve stems extending upwardly from the cylinder and spaced on opposite sides of the spark plug. The two intake and two exhaust valves are opened by a single camshaft positioned above the cylinder head. A push rod means, a first cam follower means, a second cam follower means and a rocker arm means are positioned in the cylinder head to open each intake and exhaust valves. In one form of the preferred embodiment the single camshaft is positioned adjacent the intake valve stem offset towards the center of the V.