Abstract: There are provided a pearl culture material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a pearl nucleus and a mantle, and the at least one selected from the group consisting of a pearl nucleus and a mantle contains a protein having 10 EU/g or less of an endotoxin amount, a nucleus insertion method, and a pearl culture material composition.

Abstract: There are provided a pearl culture material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a pearl nucleus and a mantle, and the at least one selected from the group consisting of a pearl nucleus and a mantle contains a protein having 10 EU/g or less of an endotoxin amount, a nucleus insertion method, and a pearl culture material composition.

Abstract: A power transducer is downsized by reducing the size of a power source board and highly reliable. The power source board is provided in the power transducer and for a large-current circuit. The power transducer includes a power semiconductor module having lead terminals. Of the lead terminals provided for the power semiconductor module and connected with the main circuit board, predetermined one or ones of the lead terminals is or are connected with the main circuit board in the vicinity of a main circuit terminal stage and at a position or positions lower than the main circuit terminal stage. Alternatively, predetermined one or ones of the lead terminals is or are connected with the main circuit board at a position or positions lower than a position at which the main circuit terminal stage is provided.

Abstract: A power transducer is downsized by reducing the size of a power source board and highly reliable. The power source board is provided in the power transducer and for a large-current circuit. The power transducer includes a power semiconductor module having lead terminals. Of the lead terminals provided for the power semiconductor module and connected with the main circuit board, predetermined one or ones of the lead terminals is or are connected with the main circuit board in the vicinity of a main circuit terminal stage and at a position or positions lower than the main circuit terminal stage. Alternatively, predetermined one or ones of the lead terminals is or are connected with the main circuit board at a position or positions lower than a position at which the main circuit terminal stage is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink-jet recording ink set including at least one first liquid A for at least forming an image and at least one second liquid B having a different composition from the composition of the first liquid A, wherein the first liquid A contains at least a polymer having a heterocyclic residue for forming a colorant, and a pigment, as well as an ink-jet recording method using the ink set.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes: an intermediate transfer body; a liquid adhesion device which provides a first liquid having a viscosity not less than 15 mPa·s and not greater than 300 mPa·s at 25° C, on the intermediate transfer body; a droplet ejection device which ejects a second liquid containing a coloring material onto a region of the intermediate transfer body where the first liquid is provided by the liquid adhesion device, in a state where the first liquid on the intermediate transfer body has a thickness not less than 1.6 ?m; a viscosity raising device which raises a viscosity of the second liquid on the intermediate transfer body; and a transfer device which transfers an image including dots of the second liquid formed on the intermediate transfer body, onto a recording medium.

Abstract: The image forming method for forming a desired image on a recording medium, includes the steps of: applying a first liquid on the recording medium, the first liquid containing no coloring material and having a dynamic surface tension at a surface age of 0.1 seconds measured at 25° C. of ?1(0.1 s); and then depositing droplets of a second liquid on a region of the recording medium where the first liquid has a form of a liquid film, the second liquid containing coloring material and having a dynamic surface tension at a surface age of 0.1 seconds measured at 25° C. of ?2(0.1 s) that is greater than ?1(0.1 s).

Abstract: The inkjet recording apparatus which forms an image on a recording medium by applying a first liquid containing coloring material and a second liquid containing no coloring material or the coloring material of not greater than 0.1 wt %, on the recording medium, includes: a liquid application device which applies the second liquid on the recording medium and then ejects droplets of the first liquid toward the second liquid applied on the recording medium; and an electron beam irradiation device which radiates an electron beam on the first liquid and the second liquid on the recording medium, wherein: at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid contains a polymerizable compound which is polymerized when irradiated with the electron beam; and the electron beam irradiation device radiates the electron beam at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV through 60 kV.

Abstract: A power transducer is downsized by reducing the size of a power source board and highly reliable. The power source board is provided in the power transducer and for a large-current circuit. The power transducer includes a power semiconductor module having lead terminals. Of the lead terminals provided for the power semiconductor module and connected with the main circuit board, predetermined one or ones of the lead terminals is or are connected with the main circuit board in the vicinity of a main circuit terminal stage and at a position or positions lower than the main circuit terminal stage. Alternatively, predetermined one or ones of the lead terminals is or are connected with the main circuit board at a position or positions lower than a position at which the main circuit terminal stage is provided.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording ink set, containing at least one recording liquid containing a colorant and a polymerizable compound and an ink spread suppressing liquid containing at least one surfactant and substantially no colorant, wherein all of the following conditions (A), (B) and (C) are satisfied, and an ink-jet recording method using the same: (A) the surface tension of the ink spread suppressing liquid is smaller than that of at least one recording liquid contained in the ink-jet recording ink set; (B) at least one of the surfactants contained in the ink spread suppressing liquid satisfies the following relationship: ?s(0)??s(saturated)>1 mN/m; and (C) the surface tension of the ink spread suppressing liquid satisfies the following relationship: ?s<(?s(0)+?s(saturated)max)/2.

Abstract: A frequency converter includes a radiating section having a base and fins for radiating heat from a power semiconductor, a circuit substrate being provided at an opposite side of the fins with respect to the base, a housing that covers the circuit substrate, a guide for flowing air between the housing and the circuit substrate toward a downstream side of the fins, and a fan. The fan flows the air flown to the downstream side of the fins by the guide toward an upstream side of the fins.

Abstract: The image forming method includes the steps of: ejecting and depositing an ink containing a coloring material and a radiation polymerizable compound on an intermediate transfer body, the radiation polymerizable compound having a molecular structure including a radical polymerizable group and a cationically polymerizable group; then irradiating the ink on the intermediate transfer body with a first radiation so that one of the radical polymerizable group and the cationically polymerizable group is selectively polymerized and cured; then heating the selectively polymerized and cured ink to a temperature not lower than a softening point of the selectively polymerized and cured ink and not higher than a temperature above the softening point by 10° C.

Abstract: The inkjet recording method includes the steps of: applying a liquid on an intermediate transfer body, the liquid containing an energy-beam polymerizable compound and a coloring material, the energy-beam polymerizable compound being constituted of a monofunctional polymerizable compound of which percentage in the energy-beam polymerizable compound is not less than 99 wt % and not more than 100 wt %; radiating an energy beam on the liquid that has been applied on the intermediate transfer body, to produce a polymer of the liquid; and transferring the polymer on the intermediate transfer body to a recording medium by pressurizing and heating the polymer to a temperature not lower than a softening temperature of the polymer.

Abstract: The inkjet recording apparatus which forms an image on a recording medium by applying a first liquid containing coloring material and a second liquid containing no coloring material or the coloring material of not greater than 0.1 wt %, on the recording medium, includes: a liquid application device which applies the second liquid on the recording medium and then ejects droplets of the first liquid toward the second liquid applied on the recording medium; and an electron beam irradiation device which radiates an electron beam on the first liquid and the second liquid on the recording medium, wherein: at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid contains a polymerizable compound which is polymerized when irradiated with the electron beam; and the electron beam irradiation device radiates the electron beam at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV through 60 kV.

Abstract: The image forming method for forming a desired image on a recording medium, includes the steps of: applying a first liquid on the recording medium, the first liquid containing no coloring material and having a dynamic surface tension at a surface age of 0.1 seconds measured at 25° C. of ?1(0.1 s); and then depositing droplets of a second liquid on a region of the recording medium where the first liquid has a form of a liquid film, the second liquid containing coloring material and having a dynamic surface tension at a surface age of 0.1 seconds measured at 25° C. of ?2(0.1 s) that is greater than ?1(0.1 s).

Abstract: The present invention is an ink set for ink-jet recording including at least one first liquid A for forming at least an image and at least one second liquid B different in composition from the above first liquid A, wherein at least the liquid A contains a polymerizing or crosslinking material, and wherein any one liquid of at least the liquids A and B contains a triarylsulfonium salt polymerization initiator having one or more of aryl backbones having an electron-accepting group as a substituent.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink-jet recording ink set including at least one recording liquid that comprises a polymerizable compound and a colorant and an ink spread suppressing liquid that comprises a nonionic fluorinated surfactant and does not substantially contain a colorant, wherein a ratio of a content M1 of the nonionic fluorinated surfactant in the recording liquid to a content M2 of the nonionic fluorinated surfactant in the ink spread suppressing liquid satisfies M1/M2<1, and an ink-jet recording method using the ink set.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink-jet recording ink set including at least one first liquid A for at least forming an image and at least one second liquid B having a different composition from the composition of the first liquid A, wherein the first liquid A contains at least a polymer having a heterocyclic residue for forming a colorant, and a pigment, as well as an ink-jet recording method using the ink set.

Abstract: A frequency converter includes a circuit substrate, a housing that covers at least the circuit substrate, a radiating section in which gases at an intake face are exhausted from an exhaust face so as to radiate heat, a fan provided on the exhaust face of the radiating section, and a guide provided on the housing to direct gases around the circuit substrate toward the intake face.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording ink set, comprising at least one recording liquid containing a colorant and a polymerizable compound and an ink spread suppressing liquid containing at least one surfactant and substantially no colorant, wherein all of the following conditions (A), (B) and (C) are satisfied, and an ink-jet recording method using the same: (A) the surface tension of the ink spread suppressing liquid is smaller than that of at least one recording liquid contained in the ink-jet recording ink set; (B) at least one of the surfactants contained in the ink spread suppressing liquid satisfies the following relationship: ?s(0)??s(saturated)>1 mN/m; and (C) the surface tension of the ink spread suppressing liquid satisfies the following relationship: ?s<(?s(0)+?s(saturated)max)/2.