Abstract: Embodiments described in this application relate generally to a system, an apparatus and/or methods for manufacturing electrodes by infusion electrolyte into compacted electrode materials. In some embodiments, a working electrode materials can be produced using an infusion mixing and manufacturing process. In some embodiments, a single-sided finished electrode can be produced directly from a dry powder mixture using an infusion mixing and manufacturing process. In some embodiments, a double-sided finished electrode can be produced directly from a dry powder mixture using an infusion mixing and manufacturing process. The electrodes produced by an infusion mixing and manufacturing process generally perform better than those produced by non-infusion processes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a skin-whitening agent which comprises as its effective ingredient a group of substances capable of forming chemical complexes with melanin monomers. Boron-containing compounds and organelles originated from animals, plants and microorganisms make the invention feasible as they commonly suppress pigmentation through a novel action mechanism where melanin monomers are trapped by chemical complex formation.

Abstract: Lactic acid and its derivatives such as D-lactic acid, L-lactic acid, DL-lactic acid, and their nonmetallic derivatives and lactates of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal exhibit a strong skin-whitening effect at a concentration of 5 w/w % or higher in pigment cell. The skin-whitening effect is augmented by unsaturated fatty acids having a carbon number of 12-22.

Abstract: A work holding apparatus is a work holder for holding a work in a predetermined position in relation to a basic member. A base column is rotatably supported astride on two sets of base plates. Holding fixtures are removably mounted on each side of the base column, such that different types of works can be supported and clamped by the holding fixtures. An indexing-rotation driving device rotates the base column such that it may be applicable to various types of works, thereby facilitating the holding of many types of works and the replacement of supporters and clamps. Furthermore, the base plate for supporting the base column is divided into two sets to reduce the weight of the base plate moving parts, and a base plate synchronizing means is provided to insure synchronized operation of the two base plates.