Abstract: The invention provides a layered product in which a glass cloth and a fluororesin-containing sheet are firmly bonded to each other even without providing a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene fine particles and without recrystallizing the fluororesin. The layered product includes, in a layered structure, a fluororesin-containing sheet, a hot-melt resin layer, and a glass cloth. The glass cloth is a fabric including a bulked glass yarn.

Abstract: The invention provides a layered product in which a glass cloth and a fluororesin-containing sheet are firmly bonded to each other even without providing a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene fine particles and without recrystallizing the fluororesin. The layered product includes, in a layered structure, a fluororesin-containing sheet, a hot-melt resin layer, and a glass cloth. The glass cloth is a fabric including a bulked glass yarn.

Abstract: A shape of a vertical cross section and a shape of a horizontal cross section in a lens are formed in a recess shape. Accordingly, even when a prism is not formed, a light transmitting through the lens is largely refracted and an interior section is hard to be visible. As a result, it is not necessary to finish a surface of a reflection surface of a reflector so as to have an optical performance equal to or more than an optical performance required for reflection with taking an appearance into consideration, and a working operation can be easily executed in comparison with the conventional one.

Abstract: A lens has a concave shape or a convex shape in either vertical cross section or transverse cross section. Thereby light passing through the lens is largely refracted and the interior is harder to be seen even if a prism is not formed. As a result, there is no need to give a finish more than optical performance required for reflection to the front surface of the reflecting surface of a reflector, which is for the purpose of enhancement of its appearance, and thereby the machining work is simpler than the conventional way. Further, since the lens has a flat shape in either vertical cross section or transverse cross section, the lens is easily polished when it is made of glass, which is excellent in manufacture of the lens.

Abstract: A headlamp that is installed at the front of an automobile, such headlamp including a light source, a main reflector, and a sub reflector. When the light source is turned on the headlamp reflects the light from the light source with the main reflector and the sub reflector to illuminate a road surface in a target luminous intensity distribution pattern, and chances the luminous intensity distribution pattern by moving the sub reflector. The main reflector and the sub reflector are prepared based on a composite combination of reflection surfaces of free curved surfaces. The sub reflector is movably disposed at a position where the light from the light source is directly incident to the sub reflectors and also at the position where the sub reflector does not interrupt a light path through which the light from the light source is incident to the main reflector.

Abstract: A shape of a vertical cross section and a shape of a horizontal cross section in a lens are formed in a convex shape. Accordingly, even when a prism is not formed, alight transmitting through the lens is largely refracted and an interior section is hard to be visible. As a result, it is not necessary to finish a surface of a reflection surface of a reflector so as to have an optical performance equal to or more than an optical performance required for reflection with taking an appearance into consideration, and a working operation can be easily executed in comparison with the conventional one.

Abstract: Since sub-reflectors are built on left and right of a longitudinal main reflector, respectively, a headlamp can be made compact longitudinally if viewed from the front. By making the headlamp compact longitudinally if viewed from the front, the sub-reflectors are provided longitudinally, i.e., provided to be elongated vertically. Therefore, luminous intensity distribution patterns diffused downward can be obtained.

Abstract: Since sub-reflectors are built on left and right of a longitudinal main reflector, respectively, a headlamp can be made compact longitudinally if viewed from the front. By making the headlamp compact longitudinally if viewed from the front, the sub-reflectors are provided longitudinally, i.e., provided to be elongated vertically. Therefore, luminous intensity distribution patterns diffused downward can be obtained.

Abstract: A first reflection surface of a reflector is set up for a first brightness-intensity distribution pattern to be projected through a flat lens to conform to a target brightness-intensity distribution pattern. A displacement between the target brightness-intensity distribution pattern and a second brightness-intensity distribution pattern is calculated, the second brightness-intensity distribution pattern being reflected by the first reflection surface and to be projected through a curved lens. A second reflection surface of the reflector is set up for the displacement to become substantially a zero.

Abstract: Luminous intensity distribution patterns of a sub reflector and a main reflector are combined, and the combined pattern continuously changes based on a movement of the sub reflector. The main reflector and the sub reflector reflect the light from a light source to illuminate the road surface and the like in a target luminous intensity distribution pattern. As a result, it is possible to effectively utilize the light from the light source, as compared with the headlamp that makes only the main reflector reflect the light from the light source.

Abstract: A lens has a concave shape or a convex shape in either vertical cross section or transverse cross section. Thereby light passing through the lens is largely refracted and the interior is harder to be seen even if a prism is not formed. As a result, there is no need to give a finish more than optical performance required for reflection to the front surface of the reflecting surface of a reflector, which is for the purpose of enhancement of its appearance, and thereby the machining work is simpler than the conventional way. Further, since the lens has a flat shape in either vertical cross section or transverse cross section, the lens is easily polished when it is made of glass, which is excellent in manufacture of the lens.

Abstract: A shape of a vertical cross section and a shape of a horizontal cross section in a lens are formed in a recess shape. Accordingly, even when a prism is not formed, a light transmitting through the lens is largely refracted and an interior section is hard to be visible. As a result, it is not necessary to finish a surface of a reflection surface of a reflector so as to have an optical performance equal to or more than an optical performance required for reflection with taking an appearance into consideration, and a working operation can be easily executed in comparison with the conventional one.

Abstract: A shape of a vertical cross section and a shape of a horizontal cross section in a lens are formed in a convex shape. Accordingly, even when a prism is not formed, alight transmitting through the lens is largely refracted and an interior section is hard to be visible. As a result, it is not necessary to finish a surface of a reflection surface of a reflector so as to have an optical performance equal to or more than an optical performance required for reflection with taking an appearance into consideration, and a working operation can be easily executed in comparison with the conventional one.

Abstract: An excellent low temperature heat sealing property is imparted to a surface of a non-perfluoro fluorine-containing resin molded article having F/C of not more than 1.8. A non-perfluoro fluorine-containing resin molded article having a surface layer portion having a low temperature heat sealing property on at least a part of the surface layer thereof; said surface layer portion having a low temperature heat-sealing property has a ratio F/C of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms of 0.2≦F/C≦0.9 and a ratio O/C of the number of oxygen atoms to the number of carbon atoms of 0.09≦O/C≦0.40, and a remaining portion of the surface layer has a ratio F/C of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms which is larger than that of the surface layer portion having a low temperature heat-sealing property and is 0.8≦F/C≦1.8.

Abstract: A process for producing a tubular laminate which comprises, discharge-treating an outer surface of a tubular fluorine-containing resin molded article in an inert gas atmosphere containing an organic compound having a functional group, extruding a molten resin onto the treated surface and coating the treated surface with the molten resin. According to this process, there can be obtained a strong adhesion between the fluorine-containing resin molded article and the coating resin without using an adhesive. Therefore, an applying step of the adhesive can be omitted and the tubular laminate can be produced continuously.

Abstract: A copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) having the formula (I):CF.sub.2 .dbd.CF--O--Rf (I)wherein Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms; and said copolymer having 1 to 10% by weight of the perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) units, having 7 to 20, per 10.sup.6 carbon atoms, of terminal groups --CONH.sub.2, having substantially no --CH.sub.2 OH and no --COF, and having a melt viscosity at 380.degree. C. of 0.1.times.10.sup.4 to 100.times.10.sup.4 poise and a preparation process thereof. The tetrafluoroethylene copolymer is thermally stable and has excellent powder properties. Molded articles thereform have a few bubbles and excellent dimensional stability on heating.

Abstract: The method for forming Fresnel lens according to the present invention is such that a Fresnel lens comprising a body with a frontal surface having a plurality of annular Fresnel-type prism elements concentrically disposed thereon and a back surface formed substantially flat is formed from a molten sheet glass. The method comprises a step of preparing cavities of which the shapes are derived from inversion of the shapes of the plurality of annular Fresnel-type prism elements, a step of disposing the molten sheet glass on a stationary mold having a substantially flat surface, a step of pressing the molten sheet glass with a moving mold having the cavities to make a portion of the molten glass flow into said cavities, and a step of solidifying the molten glass and removing the moving mold thereafter.

Abstract: In a projector-type head lamp, a reflector having a concave inner reflecting surface, a light source, a shade with a cut-off edge and a projection lens are arranged in order. The inner reflecting surface of the reflector has at least 2 foci and is so designed as to reflect the rays of light emitted from the light source in a direction crossing the optical axis. The light source is disposed near one of the foci of the reflector while the cut-off edge of the shade is arranged in the vicinity of the other focus. The projection lens has an optical axis nearly coincident with that of the reflector and is so formed that the power of refraction thereof becomes progressively greater from the optical axis toward the outer circumference, namely, its peripheral lens area has a focus located in the vicinity of the cut-off edge while its central lens area has a focus located between the cut-off edge and the light source.

Abstract: The automotive lamp assembly according to the present invention comprises a divergent-type concave mirror formed by a central reflecting area in which the optical axis lies and peripheral reflecting areas continuously extending rightward and leftward from the central reflecting area, and a lamp bulb disposed on the optical axis of the concave mirror. Either one of the central and peripheral reflecting areas is formed as a first reflecting curved surface composed of a part of a paraboloid of revolution to reflect the incident rays of light from the lamp bulb in directions parallel to the optical axis, and the other is formed as a second reflecting curved surface to reflect horizontally the rays of light from the lamp bulb in directions divergent from the optical axis depending upon the distance from the vertical plane in which the optical axis lies and also reflect vertically the rays of light in directions parallel to each other and to the horizontal plane in which the optical axis lies.

Abstract: The automotive lamp assembly according to the present invention comprises a divergent-type concave mirror formed by a central reflecting area in which the optical axis lies and peripheral reflecting areas continuously extending rightward and leftward from the central reflecting area, and a lamp bulb disposed on the optical axis of the concave mirror. Either of the central and peripheral reflecting areas is formed as a first reflecting curved surface composed of a part of a paraboloid of revolution to reflect the incident rays of light from the lamp bulb in directions parallel to the optical axis, and the other is formed as a second reflecting curved surface to reflect horizontally the rays of light from the lamp bulb in directions divergent from the optical axis depending upon the distance from the vertical plane in which the optical axis lies and also reflect vertically the rays of light in directions parallel to each other and to the horizontal plane in which the optical axis lies.