Abstract: The present invention provides an optical film having a liquid crystal layer having excellent durability, and a liquid crystal film. The optical film of the present invention has an organic base material and a liquid crystal layer disposed on the organic base material, the liquid crystal layer contains a photo-alignment compound, and in the liquid crystal layer, the photo-alignment compound is unevenly distributed on a side of the organic base material.

Abstract: A disc brake pad spring being attached to a disc brake device in which pads located to sandwich a rotor are supported with a pad support member by inserting in an axial direction pins of the pad support member into a through hole formed in a radially inner side part of a peripheral-direction one-side part of a back plate of the pads, and elastically pressing pads against the pad support member. The disc brake pad spring is formed by a single metal plate, and includes first pressing parts pressing a peripheral-direction one-side part of an outer peripheral edge of the respective back plates of each of the pads toward a radially inner side, and second pressing parts pressing a peripheral-direction one-side surface of the respective back plates of each of pads toward the other peripheral side.

Abstract: A disc brake pad spring being attached to a disc brake device in which pads located to sandwich a rotor are supported with a pad support member by inserting in an axial direction pins of the pad support member into a through hole formed in a radially inner side part of a peripheral-direction one-side part of a back plate of the pads, and elastically pressing pads against the pad support member. The disc brake pad spring is formed by a single metal plate, and includes first pressing parts pressing a peripheral-direction one-side part of an outer peripheral edge of the respective back plates of each of the pads toward a radially inner side, and second pressing parts pressing a peripheral-direction one-side surface of the respective back plates of each of pads toward the other peripheral side.

Abstract: A pad pin receiver includes a body plate is attached to an inner side of a pin insertion portion provided in a back plate of a disc brake pad. The pin insertion portion engages with a pin inserted into the pin insertion portion during braking. The body plate covers a portion of an inner peripheral surface of the pin insertion portion. A bent plate is bent at at least one end portion of the body plate in a length direction of the body plate. When the body plate is attached to the pin insertion portion, the body plate extends in a thickness direction of the back plate, and the bent plate overlaps with the back plate in the thickness direction of the back plate.

Abstract: A process for producing spheroidal graphite cast iron includes a spheroidization treatment, an inoculant treatment and a pouring inoculation treatment. A molten iron is subjected to the spheroidization treatment using a spheroidizing agent of an Fe—Si—Mg—Ca-based alloy which contains a given amount of Ba and contains substantially no rare-earth element.

Abstract: A braking device for the motorcycle is configured to permit actuation control in an interlocking manner of a rear-wheel brake caliper and a front-wheel brake caliper based on an operation of a brake pedal. The braking device includes a hydraulic pressure detector for detecting rear-wheel brake hydraulic pressure caused by the operation of the brake pedal; a determining portion that determines whether or not a detected value by the hydraulic pressure detector is a predetermined value or more; and a hydraulic pressure controller that, when it is determined by the determining portion that the detected value is the predetermined value or more, changes a rising rate of the rear-wheel brake hydraulic pressure to a value lower than a rising rate during a period until the time when the rear-wheel brake hydraulic pressure reaches the predetermined value to control the rear-wheel brake hydraulic pressure, and also controls front-wheel brake hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: To prevent deterioration of sports driving performance due to the actuation of an ABS in a front-wheel and rear-wheel interlocking brake system of a brake-by-wire system. A brake interlock determining portion starts a front-wheel brake when input hydraulic pressure by a brake operation (pedal operation) on a rear-wheel becomes equal to or greater than an interlocking brake starting pressure value. A threshold selecting switch allows switching of the interlocking brake starting pressure value between when the ABS is active and when the ABS is inactive. When the ABS is active, a lower pressure value is selected as the interlocking brake starting pressure value. When the ABS is inactive, an upper pressure value is selected as the interlocking brake starting pressure value.

Abstract: A brake device 10 for a motorcycle is capable of electrically performing driving so as to control a front wheel brake caliper 16 and a rear wheel brake caliper 18 in response to each operation of a brake lever 12 and a brake pedal 14 and is configured so that the rear wheel brake caliper 18 and the front wheel brake caliper 16 can be combined based on the operation of the brake pedal 14. The brake device 10 performs correction of a target hydraulic pressure acting on the front wheel brake caliper 16 using a prescribed preset function in such a manner as to give a braking force smaller than a braking force corresponding to an additional operation of the brake lever 12 when the brake lever 12 is additionally operated in the state where the brake pedal 14 is operated and the front wheel brake caliper 16 is generating braking force in combination with the rear wheel brake caliper 18.

Abstract: A hydraulic modulator including a motor having a motor housing, a stator, a rotor, and a motor shaft. A power transmitting mechanism is provided for transmitting the power of the motor to the outside thereof. A master cylinder includes a piston linearly movable by the power transmitted by the power transmitting mechanism. The master cylinder is arranged so as to overlap the motor housing in such a manner that the axis of the master cylinder is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the motor shaft. The master cylinder is arranged on one side of the motor housing in the range corresponding to the axial length of the motor shaft. The length of the hydraulic modulator along the motor shaft falls within the axial length of the motor shaft, so that the hydraulic modulator can be reduced in size.

Abstract: A process for producing spheroidal graphite cast iron includes a spheroidization treatment, an inoculant treatment and a pouring inoculation treatment. A molten iron is subjected to the spheroidization treatment using a spheroidizing agent of an Fe—Si—Mg—Ca-based alloy which contains a given amount of Ba and contains substantially no rare-earth element.

Abstract: A brake device for a vehicle includes a brake pedal rotatably supported on a support shaft and extending in a front ward direction from the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. A master cylinder is located on the rear side of the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle for generating a braking hydraulic pressure according to the rotational operation of the brake pedal. An operational amount detector is mechanically connected to the brake pedal for detecting the rotational amount of the brake pedal. The master cylinder includes an axis that is arranged vertically and is located above the support shaft with the operational amount detector being located on the rear side of the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the motorcycle. Thus, the master cylinder and the operational amount detector can be densely arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: A wheel is provided with a motor having a stator and a rotor and has with a fixed-side member supporting the stator and a rotative-side member receiving rotation transmitted from the rotor. The wheel is supported between a pair of arms with a wheel axle. An axle rotatively supports the rotor and the rotative-side member. An engaging part is provided for engagement with the fixed-side member to position the center of rotation of the rotative-side member with respect to the fixed-side member. The fixed-side member and the rotative-side member are integrated by engagement of the engaging part with the fixed-side member. This configuration allows the axle to be positioned with respect to the fixed-side member, such that the centers of holes in the axle and the fixed-side member for insertion of the wheel axle will be in alignment. The unit U is then incorporated in between the pair of arms.

Abstract: A motor-driven vehicle capable of increasing the degree of freedom of wiring for a motor. A drive wheel having a motor with a stator and a rotor serving as a drive source disposed in a wheel hub is rotatably supported on a wheel shaft between right and left forks. The stator is provided in a body-side retainer member fixed to a vehicle body, the rotor is rotatably supported on the wheel shaft, and wiring for the motor is passed through the body-side retainer member. The brake mechanism is provided on the drive wheel. As seen from a front of a vehicle body, the wheel hub is rotatably supported on the wheel shaft on one lateral side alone from a body center and the brake mechanism is disposed on one lateral side from a body center and the motor is disposed on the other lateral side from the body center.

Abstract: A wheel braking controller of a vehicle includes a brake lever operated by a rider, a master cylinder generating a hydraulic pressure according to an operation force of the brake lever, and a brake caliper braking a front wheel based on operation of the brake lever, a channel switching unit provided between the master cylinder and the brake caliper and switching channels of a brake fluid. A hydraulic pressure generator generates a hydraulic pressure based on operation of the brake lever and the driving state of the vehicle and controlling braking of the front wheel using the brake caliper by the hydraulic pressure. A braking controller including the channel switching unit and the hydraulic pressure generator is integrally provided on one body. The wheel braking controller so configured reduces the number of parts, and provides for easy mounting of the controller on the vehicle body.

Abstract: A wheel is provided with a motor having a stator and a rotor and has with a fixed-side member supporting the stator and a rotative-side member receiving rotation transmitted from the rotor. The wheel is supported between a pair of arms with a wheel axle. An axle rotatively supports the rotor and the rotative-side member. An engaging part is provided for engagement with the fixed-side member to position the center of rotation of the rotative-side member with respect to the fixed-side member. The fixed-side member and the rotative-side member are integrated by engagement of the engaging part with the fixed-side member. This configuration allows the axle to be positioned with respect to the fixed-side member, such that the centers of holes in the axle and the fixed-side member for insertion of the wheel axle will be in alignment. The unit U is then incorporated in between the pair of arms.

Abstract: A braking system includes first pressure sensors 35, 35 which are provided to braking pipes 41, 41 which constitute first input-side pressure sensors for detecting a liquid pressure on a front-wheel-master-cylinder-25 side and a rear-wheel-master-cylinder-82 side, and second pressure sensors 36, 36 which are provided at positions closer to a stroke-simulator-28 side than second solenoid-operated valves 31, 31 of braking pipes 27,27 which constitute second input-side pressure sensors for detecting a liquid pressure on the stroke-simulator-28 side.

Abstract: A hydraulic modulator including a motor having a motor housing, a stator, a rotor, and a motor shaft. A power transmitting mechanism is provided for transmitting the power of the motor to the outside thereof. A master cylinder includes a piston linearly movable by the power transmitted by the power transmitting mechanism. The master cylinder is arranged so as to overlap the motor housing in such a manner that the axis of the master cylinder is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the motor shaft. The master cylinder is arranged on one side of the motor housing in the range corresponding to the axial length of the motor shaft. The length of the hydraulic modulator along the motor shaft falls within the axial length of the motor shaft, so that the hydraulic modulator can be reduced in size.

Abstract: A brake device for a vehicle includes a brake pedal rotatably supported on a support shaft and extending in a front ward direction from the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. A master cylinder is located on the rear side of the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle for generating a braking hydraulic pressure according to the rotational operation of the brake pedal. An operational amount detector is mechanically connected to the brake pedal for detecting the rotational amount of the brake pedal. The master cylinder includes an axis that is arranged vertically and is located above the support shaft with the operational amount detector being located on the rear side of the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the motorcycle. Thus, the master cylinder and the operational amount detector can be densely arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: A stroke simulator in a brake system includes a cylinder body, a piston movably inserted in the cylinder body, and a second elastic member adapted to be pressed by the piston. It functions to give a simulative operational feel to a brake lever by operating the brake lever to generate a fluid pressure in a front wheel master cylinder and transmit this fluid pressure to the cylinder body, thereby deforming the second elastic member through the piston, and wherein annular recesses are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the second elastic member.

Abstract: A vehicle-use brake device for miniaturization of a base body and the simplification of brake liquid pressure passages formed in the base body. First electromagnetic open/close valves changing over communication/interruption between master cylinders which output liquid pressures due to the operation of brake operators and wheel brakes, and second electromagnetic open/close valves changing over communication/interruption between a liquid-pressure generation member which are configured to generate liquid pressures due to operations of electrically-operated actuators and the wheel brakes are arranged in the base body. An output port which is connected to a wheel brake is formed in one flat side surface of a base body, first and second electromagnetic open/close valves which arrange operational axes thereof on a first plane orthogonal to one side surface are mounted on one surface of the base body which orthogonally intersects with one side surface from the same direction.