Abstract: The embodiment provides a transparent electrode having low resistance and high stability against impurities such as halogen and sulfur, a method of producing the transparent electrode, and an electronic device using the transparent electrode. A transparent electrode according to an embodiment includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of conductive regions disposed on a surface of the transparent substrate and separated from each other by a separation region, wherein the conductive region has a structure in which a first transparent conductive metal oxide layer, a metal layer, and a second transparent conductive metal oxide layer are laminated in this order from the substrate side, and in the separation region, there is disposed a trapping material. This transparent electrode can be produced by scribing the conductive region to form a separation region, and then using a halide or a sulfur compound.

Abstract: Provided are a photoelectric conversion element that can generate power with high efficiency and has high durability, and a method for manufacturing the same. A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment includes a first electrode, an active layer having a perovskite structure containing a halogen ion, and a second electrode having light transmissivity, in which a Warburg coefficient of the active layer measured by an AC impedance spectroscopy method is specified. The element can be manufactured by applying a solution containing a precursor of the perovskite structure and then performing appropriate annealing treatment or gas blowing.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a coating apparatus includes a coating bar, a plurality of nozzles, a plurality of holding portions, and a detector. The coating bar is configured to face a coating target member. The plurality of nozzles are configured to supply a liquid toward the coating bar. One of the plurality of holding portions holds one of the plurality of nozzles. The one of the plurality of holding portions is configured to control a position of the one of the plurality of nozzles relative to the coating bar. The detector is configured to detect a quantity corresponding to respective positions of the plurality of nozzles with respect to the coating bar.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor element that can generate power with high efficiency and has high durability. A multilayer junction photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment includes: a first electrode; a first photoactive layer including a perovskite semiconductor; a first doped layer; a tunnel insulating film; a second photoactive layer containing silicon; and a second electrode, in this order. A thickness of the tunnel insulating film is 1 nm to 15 nm, and the first doped layer contains silicon and a trivalent or pentavalent element as an impurity. The element can be manufactured by a method including forming a bottom cell including a second active layer and then forming a first photoactive layer by coating.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor element that can generate power with high efficiency and has high durability. A multilayer junction photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment includes: a first electrode; a first photoactive layer including a perovskite semiconductor; a first doped layer; a second photoactive layer including silicon; a second doped layer; a passivation layer; and a second electrode in this order. The interlayer interface existing between the first photoactive layer and the adjacent layer is a substantially smooth surface, and the multilayer junction photoelectric conversion element further includes a light scattering layer that penetrate a part of the passivation layer and electrically join the second doped layer and the second electrode. The element can be manufactured by a method including forming a bottom cell including a second active layer and then forming a first photoactive layer by coating.

Abstract: The present embodiment provides a semiconductor element that can generate power with high efficiency and has high durability. A multilayer junction photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment comrises: a first electrode; a first photoactive layer including a perovskite semiconductor; a first passivation layer; a first doped layer; a second photoactive layer containing silicon; and a second electrode, in this order. The multilayer junction photoelectric conversion element further comprises a light scattering layer including a plurality of mutually separated silicon alloy layers that penetrate a part of the passivation layer and electrically connect the first photoactive layer and the first doped layer. The element can be manufactured by a method including forming a bottom cell including a second active layer and then forming a first photoactive layer by coating.

Abstract: A multilayer junction photoelectric converter and a multilayer junction photoelectric converter manufacturing method capable of preventing water from contacting a perovskite layer are provided. A multilayer junction photoelectric converter of an embodiment includes a multilayered-structure. In the multilayered-structure, a first electrode functional layer, a first photoactive layer, an intermediate functional layer, a second photoactive layer, and a second electrode functional layer are multilayered. The first photoactive layer is made of crystalline silicon. The second photoactive layer is made of a photoactive material having a perovskite crystal structure. A partial layer included in the second electrode functional layer is included in the multilayered-structure and extends on an edge surface of the multilayered-structure to cover an end portion of the second photoactive layer at the edge surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a coating head includes a coating bar, nozzles, a first member, second members, third members, elastic members, and a position controller. The coating bar faces a coating member. The nozzles supply a liquid toward the coating bar. The first member includes first recesses. A portion of the nozzles is between the first recesses and the third members. The portion of the nozzles and the third members are fixed to the first member by the second members. The elastic members are located in at least first, second, or third positions. The first position is between the third members and the second members. The second position is between the portion of the first recesses and the nozzles. The third position is between the portion of the nozzles and the third members. The position controller controls a relative position between the coating bar and the nozzles.

Abstract: A solar cell according to an embodiment includes at least one first solar cell panel, a flexible substrate, a bypass diode, and a package. The at least one first solar cell panel is disposed with a light receiving surface thereof oriented in a predetermined direction. The flexible substrate is disposed in the vicinity of the at least one first solar cell panel when viewed in the predetermined direction. The flexible substrate forms a bypass line for the at least one first solar cell panel. The bypass diode is mounted on the flexible substrate and is connected to the at least one first solar cell panel in parallel. The package houses the at least one first solar cell panel, the flexible substrate, and the bypass diode. The at least one first solar cell panel is disposed between both ends of the flexible substrate and the bypass diode in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a top cell module that generates power by photoelectrically converting incident light and allows part of the incident light to pass through the top cell module, and a bottom cell module that is laminated to the top cell module and generates power by photoelectrically converting light that has passed through the top cell module, wherein the top cell module includes a plurality of top cells that are connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel, the bottom cell module includes a plurality of bottom cells that are connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel, the number of the bottom cells being equal to the number of the top cells, and an electrode connecting the plurality of top cells is positioned such that the electrode does not overlap the bottom cells in plan view.

Abstract: The present embodiment provide a method for evaluating anion permeability of a graphene-containing membrane and also to provide a photoelectric conversion device employing a graphene-containing membrane having controlled anion permeability.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, According to one embodiment of the invention, a conductive member includes a first layer including a metal nanowire, a second layer including a polythiophene member, and a third layer including a graphene member including a graphene skeleton. The second layer is provided between the metal nanowire and the third layer.

Abstract: A solar cell module of the embodiment includes a first solar cell element and a second solar cell element disposed to be aligned, a connection member, and a shield member. The connection member electrically connects a first electrode of the first solar cell element and a second electrode of the second solar cell element. The first solar cell element and the second solar cell element each include a first cell containing a perovskite semiconductor and a second cell containing silicon. The first electrode is disposed at an end portion in a first direction in which the first cell is disposed in a thickness direction. The second electrode is disposed at an end portion in a second direction in which the second cell is disposed in the thickness direction. The shield member is made of an electrically insulating material and is disposed between an end portion of the first electrode of the first solar cell element on the second solar cell element side and the connection member.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a coating method, a coating bar head and a coating apparatus which enables coating in which changes in coating film thickness is less likely to occur, even when performing meniscus coating at a high speed. This coating method is a coating method including: supplying a coating liquid between a coating bar head and a substrate to form a meniscus; and moving the substrate, wherein a cross section of the coating surface of the bar head in the direction of coating, is a convex curve, and has bending points at both ends of the curve.

Abstract: To provide a transparent electrode that hardly causes migration of silver and has high resistance, a method for producing the same, and an electronic device using the transparent electrode. A transparent electrode according to the embodiment includes a laminated structure in which a transparent base material, a conductive silver-containing layer, and a conductive oxide layer are laminated in this order, wherein a ratio T800/T600 of total transmittances of the transparent electrode is 0.85 or more, where T800 and T600 are transmittances at wavelengths of 800 nm and 600 nm, respectively, and the silver-containing layer is continuous. This electrode can be produced by bringing sulfur or a sulfur compound into contact with a laminated film in which a conductive silver-containing layer and a conductive oxide layer are laminated to form a sulfur-containing silver compound layer.

Abstract: The embodiments provide a process for easily producing an electrode having low resistance, easily subjected to post-process and hardly impairing the device; and also provide, as its application, a production process for a photoelectric conversion device. The process comprises the steps of: coating a hydrophobic substrate directly with a dispersion of metal nanomaterial, to form a metal nanomaterial layer, coating the surface of the metal nanomaterial layer with a dispersion of carbon material, to form a carbon material layer and thereby to form an electrode layer comprising a laminate of the metal nanomaterial layer and the carbon material layer, pressing the carbon material layer onto a hydrophilic substrate so that the surface of the carbon material layer may be directly fixed on the hydrophilic substrate, and peeling away the hydrophobic substrate so as to transfer the electrode layer onto the hydrophilic substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a transparent electrode having high stability, low sheet resistance, and high light transmissivity, a method for producing the transparent electrode, and an electronic device using the transparent electrode. A transparent electrode including a structure including a transparent base material, a metal grid, metal nanowire, and a neutral polythiophene mixture. The metal grid has an embedded portion embedded in the transparent base material and a protrusion portion protruding from the transparent base material, and the metal nanowire and the neutral polythiophene mixture are arranged in contact with the transparent base material or the protrusion portion.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a coating apparatus includes a coating bar configured to face a member to be coated, and a plurality of nozzles configured to supply a liquid toward the coating bar. A number of the nozzles is 3 or more. An arithmetic mean roughness Ra of at least a part of a surface of the coating bar is not less than 0.5 ?m and not more than 10 ?m.

Abstract: The embodiment provides a graphene-containing membrane producible by wet-coating and excellent in electric properties, a process for producing the membrane, a graphene-containing membrane laminate, and a photoelectric conversion device using the graphene-containing membrane. The graphene-containing membrane contains graphene having a graphene skeleton combined with polyalkylenimine chains. The membrane has a ratio of the photoelectron intensity at the energy peak position of C1s orbital to that at the bonding energy on an X-ray photoelectron spectrum measured on an ITO film of 288 eV in a range of 5.5 to 20. This membrane can be produced by heating a graphene oxide-containing film in the presence of polyalkyleneimine and further heating the film in the presence of a reducing agent. The graphene-containing membrane can be so installed in a photoelectric conversion device that it is placed between the photoelectric conversion layer and the electrode.

Abstract: The embodiment provides a graphene-containing membrane producible by wet-coating and excellent in electric properties, a process for producing the membrane, a graphene-containing membrane laminate, and a photoelectric conversion device using the graphene-containing membrane. The graphene-containing membrane contains graphene having a graphene skeleton combined with polyalkyleneimine chains. The membrane has a ratio of the photoelectron intensity at the energy peak position of C1s orbital to that at the bonding energy on an X-ray photoelectron spectrum measured on an ITO film of 288 eV in a range of 5.5 to 20. This membrane can be produced by heating a graphene oxide-containing film in the presence of polyalkyleneimine and further heating the film in the presence of a reducing agent. The graphene-containing membrane can be so installed in a photoelectric conversion device that it is placed between the photoelectric conversion layer and the electrode.