Abstract: An on-board system includes electrical components mounted on a bicycle that have been individually identified. Each of the electrical components performs some functionality of the bicycle. At least one of the electrical components is detachable from the bicycle. The electrical components, when mounted on the bicycle, are electrically connected to each other. At least one of the electrical components includes a storage to store individual identification information about an authenticated electrical component. The functionality of the bicycle implementable by at least one of the electrical components mounted on the bicycle that have been individually identified varies depending on whether a combination of the individually identified electrical components matches the individual identification information about the authenticated electrical components stored in the storage.

Abstract: A system for an electric motor-assisted bicycle includes a driver including a motor driven by electric power from a battery to generate an assist force, and an electrical component connected to the driver to receive a supply of power from the driver for operation. The electrical component includes a power input to receive power output from the driver, an outbound power output terminal to supply some of the power received by the power input to an outside of the electrical component, and an outbound supply power controller to control an upper limit of power to be supplied to the outside through the outbound power output terminal based on an amount of power suppliable by the driver.

Abstract: A drive system includes an electric motor, first and second electrical contacts, and a microcontroller configured or programmed to control an operation of the electric motor based on first and second signals regarding states of the first and second electrical contacts. After determining that a first state in which the first signal and the second signal both indicate OFF is detected, if it is determined that a second state in which the first signal and the second signal both indicate ON is detected, the microcontroller performs a control that causes the electric motor to generate motive power. If it is determined that the first state is not detected, the microcontroller does not perform a control that causes the electric motor to generate motive power, even if both of the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact take an ON state.

Abstract: An electrically assisted vehicle includes an electric motor, a device including a microcontroller and a transmission circuit that sends motor control-related data used to control rotation of the electric motor, and a control circuit that controls the electric motor based on the data. The control circuit and the device both retain the same data generation rule. When the control circuit sends first data to the device, the microcontroller generates second data which at least includes a portion of first reception data having been received, generates third data from the second data by using the rule, and sends, via the transmission circuit, the third data to the control circuit. The control circuit generates fourth data at least from the first data by using the rule, and compares a portion of second reception data received from the device against the fourth data. If the result of comparison indicates a match, the control circuit permits control of the electric motor.

Abstract: A drive system includes an electric motor, first and second electrical contacts, and a microcontroller configured or programmed to control an operation of the electric motor based on first and second signals regarding states of the first and second electrical contacts. After determining that a first state in which the first signal and the second signal both indicate OFF is detected, if it is determined that a second state in which the first signal and the second signal both indicate ON is detected, the microcontroller performs a control that causes the electric motor to generate motive power. If it is determined that the first state is not detected, the microcontroller does not perform a control that causes the electric motor to generate motive power, even if both of the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact take an ON state.

Abstract: An electric vehicle includes a vehicle body, an electric motor, a wheel, an operator operated by a user to drive the wheel to rotate by power from the electric motor, and a controller that controls the electric motor according to an operation of the operator. The controller includes a plurality of control states including a basic state, a drive-standby state which transitions to and from the basic state, and a driving state which transitions to and from the drive-standby state and causes transmission of power of the electric motor to the wheel. The controller is configured or programmed to transition to the driving state if the operator is operated in the drive-standby state and to transition to the basic state if it is judged in the drive-standby state that a user is not present in the vicinity of the vehicle body for a predetermined time or longer.

Abstract: An electrically assisted vehicle includes an electric motor, a device including a microcontroller and a transmission circuit that sends motor control-related data used to control rotation of the electric motor, and a control circuit that controls the electric motor based on the data. The control circuit and the device both retain the same data generation rule. When the control circuit sends first data to the device, the microcontroller generates second data which at least includes a portion of first reception data having been received, generates third data from the second data by using the rule, and sends, via the transmission circuit, the third data to the control circuit. The control circuit generates fourth data at least from the first data by using the rule, and compares a portion of second reception data received from the device against the fourth data. If the result of comparison indicates a match, the control circuit permits control of the electric motor.

Abstract: An electric vehicle includes a vehicle body, an electric motor, a wheel, an operator operated by a user to drive the wheel to rotate by power from the electric motor, and a controller that controls the electric motor according to an operation of the operator. The controller includes a plurality of control states including a basic state, a drive-standby state which transitions to and from the basic state, and a driving state which transitions to and from the drive-standby state and causes transmission of power of the electric motor to the wheel. The controller is configured or programmed to transition to the driving state if the operator is operated in the drive-standby state and to transition to the basic state if it is judged in the drive-standby state that a user is not present in the vicinity of the vehicle body for a predetermined time or longer.