Abstract: A tubular member formed of a polyamide resin layer includes carbon black and a semi-aromatic polyamide resin having at least a repeating unit structure derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic compound and an aliphatic diamine compound with the alkyl carbon number in the range of from 9 to 13.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic toner having a crystalline polyester resin; a non-crystalline polyester resin; a colorant; and a releasing agent. A resin (i), that is included in a toluene-soluble component of the toner and having a molecular weight of 30,000 to 100,000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography relative to polystyrene standards, has an acid value A. A resin (ii), that is included in a toluene-soluble component of the toner and having a molecular weight of 8,000 to 12,000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography relative to polystyrene standards, has an acid value B. A resin (iii), that is included in a toluene-insoluble component of the toner, has an acid value C. The acid values A, B, and C satisfy the inequation of B>A>C. The invention further provides an electrophotographic developer using the toner, a toner cartridge storing the toner, and an image forming method using the developer.

Abstract: A tubular member formed of a polyamide resin layer includes carbon black and a semi-aromatic polyamide resin having at least a repeating unit structure derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic compound and an aliphatic diamine compound with the alkyl carbon number in the range of from 9 to 13.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic toner having a crystalline polyester resin; a non-crystalline polyester resin; a colorant; and a releasing agent. A resin (i), that is included in a toluene-soluble component of the toner and having a molecular weight of 30,000 to 100,000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography relative to polystyrene standards, has an acid value A. A resin (ii), that is included in a toluene-soluble component of the toner and having a molecular weight of 8,000 to 12,000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography relative to polystyrene standards, has an acid value B. A resin (iii), that is included in a toluene-insoluble component of the toner, has an acid value C. The acid values A, B, and C satisfy the inequation of B>A>C. The invention further provides an electrophotographic developer using the toner, a toner cartridge storing the toner, and an image forming method using the developer.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner including, as a binder resin, a crystalline resin and at least one kind of non-crystalline resin, wherein, in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement by a sine wave vibration method, a minimum value of the relaxation elasticity H in a relaxation spectrum obtained from frequency dispersion characteristics measured at temperatures of 60 and 80 degrees centigrade with a measurement frequency set in the range of 0.1 to 100 rad/sec and measurement strain set in the range of 0.02 to 4.5% is in the range of 10 to 900 Pa/cm2, and a relaxation time ? corresponding to the minimum value is in the range of 1 to 10,000 sec.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising of: toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent; wherein a volume-average particle diameter of the toner particles is in a range of about 5 to 8 ?m; an average of shape factor SF1 of the toner particles is in a range of about 125 to 140; and an arithmetical mean undulation height of the surface of the toner particles at the 90% point on the cumulative distribution curve is in a range of about 0.15 to 0.25 ?m. Further, the present invention provides an electrostatic latent image developer containing the toner. The invention also provides a method for producing the toner.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner including, as a binder resin, a crystalline resin and at least one kind of non-crystalline resin, wherein, in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement by a sine wave vibration method, a minimum value of the relaxation elasticity H in a relaxation spectrum obtained from frequency dispersion characteristics measured at temperatures of 60 and 80 degrees centigrade with a measurement frequency set in the range of 0.1 to 100 rad/sec and measurement strain set in the range of 0.02 to 4.5% is in the range of 10 to 900 Pa/cm2, and a relaxation time ? corresponding to the minimum value is in the range of 1 to 10,000 sec.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising of: toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent; wherein a volume-average particle diameter of the toner particles is in a range of about 5 to 8 ?m; an average of shape factor SF1 of the toner particles is in a range of about 125 to 140; and an arithmetical mean undulation height of the surface of the toner particles at the 90% point on the cumulative distribution curve is in a range of about 0.15 to 0.25 ?m. Further, the present invention provides an electrostatic latent image developer containing the toner. The invention also provides a method for producing the toner.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electronic latent image, including toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive, is provided. The external additive contains silica formed by a sol-gel method of which the surface is subjected to hydrophobic treatment and which has an average primary particle size of 80 to 300 nm, a water content of 3 to 15% and a volume resistivity of 1×1013 &OHgr;cm or more. The invention further provides an image forming method and an image forming apparatus using the same. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is good in transferability over a long period of time and gives a high image quality without causing an image defect.

Abstract: An image-forming process capable of keeping a high transfer efficiency for a long period of time, reducing the amount of the toner to be recovered and wasted and obtaining stabilized images without causing image quality defects such as density lowering, density unevenness, ghosts, fog, etc., wherein inorganic fine particles contained in a toner transfer from the toner to an electrostatic latent image holder surface and attach thereto, the attached amount of the inorganic fine particles to the electrostatic latent image holder surface is from 1 to 20% as the average occupied area ratio (CAV) in the electrostatic latent image holder surface, and the difference (CMAX−CMIN) of the maximum occupied area ratio and the minimum occupied area ratio of the attached inorganic fine particles in the electrostatic latent image holder surface is not larger than about 5%.

Abstract: An image-forming process capable of keeping a high transfer efficiency for a long period of time, reducing the amount of the toner to be recovered and wasted and obtaining stabilized images without causing image quality defects such as density lowering, density unevenness, ghosts, fog, etc., wherein inorganic fine particles contained in a toner transfer from the toner to an electrostatic latent image holder surface and attach thereto, the attached amount of the inorganic fine particles to the electrostatic latent image holder surface is from 1 to 20% as the average occupied area ratio (CAV) in the electrostatic latent image holder surface, and the difference (CMAX−CMIN) of the maximum occupied area ratio and the minimum occupied area ratio of the attached inorganic fine particles in the electrostatic latent image holder surface is not larger than about 5%.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, including toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive, is provided. The external additive contains silica of which the surface is subjected to hydrophobic treatment and which has an average primary particle size of 80 to 300 nm, a water content of 3 to 15% and a volume resistivity of 1×1013 &OHgr;cm or more. The invention further provides an image forming method and an image forming apparatus using the same. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is good in transferability over a long period of time and gives a high image quality without causing an image defect.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming method including at least a latent image-forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image on a latent image support, a developer layer-forming step of forming a developer layer on a surface of a developer support disposed opposite the latent image support, a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image on the latent image support with the toner in the developer layer to form a toner image, and a transferring step of transferring the toner image onto a transfer material, characterized in that the latent image support is obtained by forming at least an organic photoconductive layer on a surface of an electroconductive support, the toner is composed of color particles containing at least a binder resin and a coloring agent, a volume average particle diameter of the color particles is between 2.0 and 5.0 &mgr;m, the ratio of the color particles of 1.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image includes at least coloring particles containing a colorant and a binder resin. The volume average particle size of the coloring particle is 1.0 to 5.0 .mu.m. The toner is further characterized in that (1) the relationship between the quantity of the electric charge and the particle size is adjusted appropriately, (2) the particle size distribution is adjusted appropriately and/or (3) an external additive comprising at least an ultra microparticle and a super-ultra microparticle may be added, the rate of coating on the coloring particle being adjusted appropriately. A method for forming an image includes (1) a developing step in which a toner layer is formed on the surface of a developer support arranged opposed to a latent image support and an electrostatic latent image on the latent image support is developed with the toner layer to obtain a toner image and (2) a transfer step in which the toner image formed is transferred to a transfer material.

Abstract: A black toner for developing electrostatic latent images having colored particles and external additive(s) and the colored particles containing at least a binder resin, carbon black, a cyan pigment, a magenta pigment, and a yellow pigment. The concentration (C.sub.CB weight %) of carbon black, the concentration (C.sub.C weight %) of the cyan pigment, the concentration (C.sub.M weight %) of the magenta pigment, and the concentration (C.sub.Y weight %) of the yellow pigment in the colored particles preferably satisfy the following relationship (1);C.sub.CB .gtoreq.C.sub.M .gtoreq.C.sub.C .gtoreq.C.sub.Y ( 1).The black toner has the charging property, etc., suitable for forming black images and a high black density without showing color rendering.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ink composition which includes (1) the first ink containing the first solvent and the first colored particles having an affinity for the first solvent and dispersed in the first solvent and (2) the second ink containing the second solvent and the second colored particles having a color different from that of the first colored particles and having an affinity for the second solvent and dispersed in the second solvent, and which separates into two phases, and a rewritable display medium and methods for displaying images utilizing the ink composition.The ink composition, the rewritable display medium and methods for displaying images provide sharp images with high resolution over time.

Abstract: An image forming method including developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier with a toner containing colored particles comprised of at least a binder resin and a coloring agent to form a toner image, transferring the toner image to a transfer material to form a transferred image, and fixing the transferred image on the transfer material, wherein the toner is made up of at least a binder resin and colored particles containing a coloring agent, the volume mean particle size of the colored particles is from 2.0 to 5.0 .mu.m, the colored particles of 1.0 .mu.m or smaller are 20 number % or lower, and the colored particles of 5.0 .mu.m or larger are 10 number % or lower. The image forming method has a high reproducibility of fine lines and forms an image of a high quality without forming uneven gloss in the image and between the image area and the non-image area and without causing problems such as offset and paper clogging.

Abstract: The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image comprises a colorant, a binding resin and a resin copolymer of aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon having 9 or more of carbon atoms. Preferably, the toner further comprises a wax. The endothermic peak of the wax at DSC is preferably from 70 to 100.degree. C. The petroleum resin copolymer preferably has a ring and ball softening point of from 80 to 170.degree. C., and the binding resin is preferably a polyester resin. The weight ratio of the aromatic hydrocarbon monomer and the aliphatic hydrocarbon monomer of the petroleum resin copolymer is preferably from 99:1 to 50:50.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate having thereon an undercoat layer and a photoconductive layer, the undercoat layer comprising a specific polymer compound which is prepared by using at least one of monomers represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and A represents a group represented by formula (2), (3), (4), (5) or (6): ##STR2## where the symbols in the above formulae are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A photosensitive body for electrophotography having improved properties in the charging characteristics, photosensitivity, and stability in repeated use. The photosensitive body for electrophotography comprises a photoconductive layer formed on a conductive support through an undercoat layer, the undercoat layer containing at least one polyester compound having repeated units represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A and B each independently represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon which is optionally substituted, at least one of A and B being selected from the group consisting of specific divalent groups, and n is 10-10,000.