Abstract: A prescribed virtual person was created for allowing a real person (user) in the actual world to pretend to be the virtual person (virtual person) and act as the virtual person when acting on a network and registered in a database 12a of a financial institution 7 for enabling the user to make shopping or the like as the virtual person with an electronic certificate issued by the financial institution 7 for the virtual person when pretending to be the virtual person and acting on the network, and the address of the virtual person necessary as the destination of a purchased article was set to a nearby convenience store. When acting on the network as the virtual person, cookies are rendered easily acceptable as compared with the case of the real person.

Abstract: To prevent privacy invasion performed according to a proper identifier which has been read. A pseudo-RFID transmission device for transmitting a pseudo identifier (RFID) for disturbing an invader is provided to an individual user. When an RFID transmission instruction is received from a tag reader (SAI), a variable type pseudo RFID different from the one which has been transmitted previously is transmitted (SA3 to SA5) and different RFID is transmitted each time for the same person. The respective pseudo RFID transmission devices are grouped into a plurality of types, so that the pseudo RFID transmission devices belonging to the same group transmit their variable type pseudo RFID while increasing the possibility to transmit common pseudo RFID accorded with one another. An area is specified for each group and the respective pseudo RFID transmission devices are provided to individual users, so that the same RFID may be transmitted for the same person.

Abstract: A prescribed virtual person was created for allowing a real person (user) in the actual world to pretend to be the virtual person (virtual person) and act as the virtual person when acting on a network and registered in a database 12a of a financial institution 7 for enabling the user to make shopping or the like as the virtual person with an electronic certificate issued by the financial institution 7 for the virtual person when pretending to be the virtual person and acting on the network, and the address of the virtual person necessary as the destination of a purchased article was set to a nearby convenience store. When acting on the network as the virtual person, cookies are rendered easily acceptable as compared with the case of the real person.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To prevent privacy invasion performed according to a proper identifier which has been read. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A pseudo-RFID transmission device for transmitting a pseudo identifier (RFID) for disturbing an invader is provided to an individual user. When an RFID transmission instruction is received from a tag reader (SAI), a variable type pseudo RFID different from the one which has been transmitted previously is transmitted (SA3 to SA5) and different RFID is transmitted each time for the same person. The respective pseudo RFID transmission devices are grouped into a plurality of types, so that the pseudo RFID transmission devices belonging to the same group transmit their variable type pseudo RFID while increasing the possibility to transmit common pseudo RFID accorded with one another. An area is specified for each group and the respective pseudo RFID transmission devices are provided to individual users, so that the same RFID may be transmitted for the same person.

Abstract: A prescribed virtual person was created for allowing a real person (user) in the actual world to pretend to be the virtual person (virtual person) and act as the virtual person when acting on a network and registered in a database 12a of a financial institution 7 for enabling the user to make shopping or the like as the virtual person with an electronic certificate issued by the financial institution 7 for the virtual person when pretending to be the virtual person and acting on the network, and the address of the virtual person necessary as the destination of a purchased article was set to a nearby convenience store. When acting on the network as the virtual person, cookies are rendered easily acceptable as compared with the case of the real person.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, an injection chamber connected thereto through an injection port, a secondary inlet passage opening to the injection chamber, and a secondary inlet valve for opening and closing the secondary inlet passage. A spark plug extends into the combustion chamber with the spark gap of the plug close to the injection port. At the suction stroke of the engine, air in the injection chamber is injected near to the spark gap through the injection port to blow away the combustion gas around the gap and also to generate a strong swirl and turbulence of the mixture in the combustion chamber, thereby improving firing and combustion of the lean mixture in the combustion chamber to reduce the discharge of noxious components in the exhaust gas and to improve the fuel consumption.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, an injection chamber connected thereto through an injection port, a secondary inlet passage opening to the injection chamber, and a secondary inlet valve for opening and closing the secondary inlet passage. A spark plug is extended into the combustion chamber so as to dispose a spark gap of the plug close to the injection port. At the suction stroke of the engine, air in the injection chamber is injected near to the spark gap through the injection port to blow away the combustion gas around the gap and also to generate a strong swirl and turbulence of the mixture in the combustion chamber, thereby improving firing and combustion of the lean mixture in the combustion chamber to reduce the discharge of noxious components in the exhaust gas and improve the fuel consumption.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a combustion chamber which communicates via an injection port with an injection chamber whose volume is 0.5 cc.about.1.5 cc. During the intake stroke, air-fuel mixture is introduced from an intake port into the combustion chamber, and at the same time, under the influence of high vacuum produced in the combustion chamber, a jet stream of exhaust gas, air or air-fuel mixture is violently injected from the injection port into the combustion chamber via an auxiliary intake passage communicates with the injection chamber through an auxiliary intake valve, so that the jet stream enhances the ignitability by scavenging burned gases from around a spark gap and also generates strong swirl and turbulence of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio regulator for internal combustion engine, used mainly in the intake system of an automotive engine, comprising an air passage leading from the intake passage or the atmosphere upstream of the throttle valve in the carburetor to the intake passage downstream of the throttle valve, a control valve for opening and closing the air passage, and differential-pressure responsive means for actuating the control valve. The differential-pressure responsive means, consisting of a pair of vacuum chambers on either side of a diaphragm, opens the control valve during the high-speed operation or in rapid deceleration where the intake manifold vacuum generated downstream of the throttle valve increases rapidly, in order to prevent the intake air-fuel mixture from becoming rich, and to maintain the air-fuel ratio appropriately.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system comprising an exhaust gas recirculation passage means between an exhaust gas passage and an intake passage, first and second flow control valves provided in the recirculation passage means in parallel relationship with each other for regulating flows of the exhaust gas in response to two kinds of vacuum having different characeristics, and a third flow control valve provided in the recirculation passage means in series with said first and second valves for regulating a flow of the gas in response to opening of a throttle valve of a carburetor, thereby obtaining the appropriate amount of exhaust gas recirculation in light and medium loaded driving ranges.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, an injection hole is provided in the cylinder head to inject narrow streams of air towards the spark gap, particularly during idling and low load running conditions. The injected air is 5 to 30% by weight of the intake fuel-air mixture provided via the intake manifold and creates a swirl or turbulence thereby increasing combustibility. The hole is connected via a sub intake passage to the main air intake passage upstream of the venturi in the carburetor or between the venturi and throttle valve.

Abstract: A crank chamber in a multicylinder-engine is divided by division walls into a plurality of spaces each of which contains one set of cranks fixed to a crankshaft, and in which varying air pressure is developed. The air under such pressure flows into a pressure chamber of an air-pump, as power source to drive the pump; suitably compressed air is produced in a pump chest of this air-pump. This air can be supplied to an exhaust gas passage for recombustion of incompletely oxidized combustive gas in the exhaust gas.