Abstract: Provided is a rail vehicle axle having an excellent fatigue limit and notch factor. A rail vehicle axle according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.20 to 0.35%, Si: 0.20 to 0.65%, Mn: 0.40 to 1.20%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.30%, Ni: 0 to 0.30%, Cr: 0 to 0.30%, Mo: 0 to 0.08%, Al: 0 to 0.100%, N: 0.0200% or less, V: 0 to 0.060%, and Ti: 0 to 0.020%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying Formulae (1) and (2): 0.58?C+Si/8+Mn/5+Cu/10+Cr/4+V?0.67??(1) Si+0.9Cr?0.50??(2) where, each element symbol in Formulae (1) and (2) is substituted by the content (mass %) of a corresponding element.

Abstract: Provided is a rail vehicle axle having an excellent fatigue limit and notch factor. A rail vehicle axle according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.20 to 0.35%, Si: 0.20 to 0.65%, Mn: 0.40 to 1.20%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Sn: 0.07 to 0.40%, N: 0.0200% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.30%, Ni: 0 to 0.30%, Cr: 0 to 0.30%, Mo: 0 to 0.08%, Al: 0 to 0.100%, V: 0 to 0.060%, and Ti: 0 to 0.020%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying Formulae (1) and (2): 0.58?C+Si/8+Mn/5+Cu/10+Cr/4+V?0.67??(1) Si+0.9Cr?0.50??(2) where, each element symbol in Formulae (1) and (2) is substituted by the content (mass %) of a corresponding element.

Abstract: A surface temperature measuring apparatus comprising a radiation thermometer configured to detect thermal radiation light emitted from a surface of a temperature measurement target material in a cooling process with water, a housing having an opening on a temperature measurement target material side, the housing storing, in an inside of the housing, at least a light receiving unit of the radiation thermometer among structural elements of the radiation thermometer, and an optical glass that is fit and sealed in the inside of the housing between the temperature measurement target material and the light receiving unit of the radiation thermometer, the optical glass being configured to transmit the thermal radiation light. The optical glass has, on the temperature measurement target material side, an end surface adjacent to the surface of the temperature measurement target material. A surface temperature measuring method is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a rail vehicle axle having an excellent fatigue limit and notch factor. A rail vehicle axle according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.20 to 0.35%, Si: 0.20 to 0.65%, Mn: 0.40 to 1.20%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.30%, Ni: 0 to 0.30%, Cr: 0 to 0.30%, Mo: 0 to 0.08%, Al: 0 to 0.100%, N: 0.0200% or less, V: 0 to 0.060%, and Ti: 0 to 0.020%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying Formulae (1) and (2): 0.58?C+Si/8+Mn/5+Cu/10+Cr/4+V?0.67??(1) Si+0.9Cr?0.50??(2) where, each element symbol in Formulae (1) and (2) is substituted by the content (mass %) of a corresponding element.

Abstract: To provide a surface temperature measuring apparatus that is capable of accurately measuring a surface temperature of a temperature measurement target material such as a steel material (e.g., a wheel, a steel pipe, a steel sheet, or a rail) in a cooling process with water, and a method of measuring the same.

Abstract: The invention provides an identification data insertion and detection system for digital data which improves the detection ratio when an image is converted into frequency components and electronic watermark data are embedded in a portion of an image having a strong frequency component and besides allows a statistical similarly to be calculated with a higher degree of accuracy.

Abstract: The invention provides an identification data insertion and detection system for digital data which improves the detection ratio when an image is converted into frequency components and electronic watermark data are embedded in a portion of an image having a strong frequency component and besides allows a statistical similarly to be calculated with a higher degree of accuracy.

Abstract: The invention provides an identification data insertion and detection system for digital data which improves the detection ratio when an image is converted into frequency components and electronic watermark data are embedded in a portion of an image having a strong frequency component and besides allows a statistical similarly to be calculated with a higher degree of accuracy.

Abstract: An image is divided into blocks, and different electronic watermark data are embedded into every block using a DCT transformer (103), electronic watermark data inserter (104), and IDCT transformer (107). At that time, reference is made to an electronic watermark data insertion position table (105) and electronic watermark data table (106) which specify that which electronic watermark data is to be inserted into which block of the image.

Abstract: A digital data encode system for inserting water mark data into digital data signals having a series of field data by use of a water mark data inserting device, the digital data encode system has a field judging unit dividing the digital data signals by a predetermined reference, a water mark data selection output unit for selecting proper one of a plurality of different water mark data prepared correspondingly to the division according to the judgment result of the field judging unit, and a water mark data inserting device for inserting the water mark data supplied from the water mark data selection output unit into the digital data signals.

Abstract: Digital watermarking of data, including image, video and audio data, is performed by repeatedly inserting the watermark into subregions or subimages of the data. Similarly, the watermark is repeatedly extracted from the subregions of the data.

Abstract: In order to realize a high-speed bit-built processing for superimposing pixel data of an image on to a video-memory, only substantial pixel data having color values different from a designated transparent color of a line of the image are stored in a line buffer (109) together with offset values of .chi.-addresses in the line of the substantial pixel data stored in a offset buffer (110). A memory controller (111) reads out the substantial pixel data from the line buffer in order, and writes them in a video memory (112) at a line according to writing addresses calculated by a writing address generator (106) referring to the offset values stored in the offset buffer corresponding to the substantial pixel data.

Abstract: A three-dimensional computer graphic controller comprises a resistor for receiving information about the triangle, a Y-coordinate counter for fetching the stored information from the resistor and computing Y-coordinates of the triangle, an X-coordinate initial position adder for fetching an information about the first edge of the triangle from the resistor and computing an X-coordinate value of an initial position of the first edge, an X-coordinate width adder for fetching the information about the divided upper and lower triangles and computing individual widths of the triangle on the X-coordinate as well as for changing a variation in width on the X-coordinate between the divided upper and lower triangles, a color component adder for fetching the information about the triangle and individually computing red, green and blue components of the color of the triangle, a frame memory controller for fetching the Y-coordinates, the X-coordinate value of the start position and the individual widths triangle on the X

Abstract: In order to write data flowing in continuously into an image memory consisting of a single port RAM without lack and to read data out of the image memory continuously without lack in parallel, a memory access processor of the invention comprises;a write buffer for storing temporarily data flowing in continuously and outputting write requests while data are stored therein,a read buffer for storing temporarily data output from the image memory to be read out therefrom continuously, andan arbiter section for arbitrating concurrence between write requests and read requests for the image memory, writing data stored in the write buffer at a speed higher than a speed of data writing into the write buffer when write actions are performed according to the write requests, and reading data out of the image memory to be stored in the read buffer at a speed higher than a speed of data readout from the read buffer when read actions are performed according to the read requests.

Abstract: An image memory control device is disclosed by which high speed reading processing can be performed without causing a CPU of a computer to have a waiting time and without expanding the system scale. When the CPU tries to perform read access to an image memory, a CPU read mode signal is changed over and a first-in first-out memory controller delivers a read access request to a memory access controller irrespective of presence or absence of read access, and data read in from the image memory are stored into a FIFO memory under the control of the memory controller. Upon read accessing from the computer, the data are transferred from the first-in first-out memory, which assures higher speed operation. Where writing of video data and read/write access of the computer to the image memory are performed by a same system, the FIFO memory is used as a common buffer to them in a time dividing condition by changing over between them.

Abstract: An image compression and decompression apparatus wherein the scale of a required frame memory is reduced to allow reduction of the circuit scale is disclosed. The image compression and decompression apparatus comprises first and second frame memories each of which is used as, upon compression processing, a pre-frame memory for storing digital image data before compression but as, upon decompression processing, a post-frame memory for storing digital image data after decompression. First and second compressed image memories are each used as, upon compression processing, a transmission buffer for storing data after compression but as, upon decompression processing, a reception buffer for storing data before decompression. Each of the two kinds of memories is constructed in a double buffer structure. Control of two kinds of memory controllers for controlling accessing to the two kinds of memories, compression and decompression processing, and sequence control are effected using a program.