Abstract: Apparatus for measuring characteristics of a scattering medium. A light source irradiates the medium to be measured with a plurality of measurement light beams. A wavelength selector unit selectively extracts diffused light having a particular wavelength. A photodetector unit measures a time response characteristic of the diffused light. The signal processing system drives the light source so as to sequentially cause measurement light beams to be incident on the scattering medium and controls a measurement action of the photodetector unit while analyzing the time-response characteristics so as to calculate the internal information in the scattering medium.

Abstract: An optical measuring method and an optical measuring apparatus are capable of obtaining the true mean time delay of a light waveform within a short time for the purpose of obtaining information on the internal structure of an object. Calculations include a first mean time delay when the light path includes the object, a second mean time delay when the light path does not include the object, and a subtraction of the second mean time delay from the first mean time delay to obtain a true mean time delay.

Abstract: Optical pulses emitted from an optical pulse source is incident on a living tissue and is input to an optical sampling unit. An optical sampling unit detects intensities, f, of optical pulses detected at the respective timings of trigger signals input from a delay unit. A first accumulator calculates products, t.multidot.f, of the intensities f and the delay times t from the delay unit. A second accumulator accumulates the light intensities f. An average optical pathlength calculating unit calculates an average optical pathlength using the accumulation results as the products t.multidot.f and the intensities f. An SO.sub.2 value calculating unit calculates a ratio of V.sub.HbO2 to V.sub.Hb from the average optical pathlength to calculate an SO.sub.2 value.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing fine graphite particles which can be used as a highly functional graphite material in wide applications. According to this method, foliated fine graphite particles having a high aspect ratio and hence well-developed anisotropy can be prepared, without formation of secondary particles, by dispersing expanded graphite particles into a liquid and then exposing them to ultrasonic waves. Articles molded of the resulting foliated fine graphite particles exhibit high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An examination apparatus for examining with transmission photometry an object of interest. The apparatus comprises: light launching means for successively launching an incidence light beam to the object at an incidence site; and light pickup means for picking up, in synchronism with launching of the incidence light beam, light beams scattered in the object from a plurality of output sites as light intensity data, and performing mathematical processing on the light intensity data for every launching of said incidence light beam to obtain absorption data representing a light absorption quantity at the incidence site.

Abstract: A dynamic damper comprising at least one elastic member and mass member is mounted within a conventional shaft housing eccentrically with respect to an axis center of a steering shaft. The elastic member of the dynamic damper gives a spring constant which is maintained at a constant value designed to provide a required resonant frequency at the mass member for suppresing a vibration transmitted to a steering wheel via the steering shaft since the vibration transmitted from the steering shaft to the steering wheel is always applied to the dynamic damper in the shear direction of said elastic member regardlessly of the steering wheel angular position.