Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection valve configured to inject hydrogen gas into the cylinder, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst located in an exhaust passage and configured to remove NOx, a urea water injection valve configured to inject urea water into the catalyst, a tank that stores urea water injected by the urea water injection valve, and a remaining amount detection sensor configured to detect a remaining amount of urea water stored in the tank. A controller for the internal combustion engine is configured to execute a restriction process that controls, when the remaining amount is less than a set value, an injection amount of hydrogen gas by the fuel injection valve such that an air excess ratio in the cylinder becomes greater than or equal to a specified excess ratio that is greater than 1.

Abstract: A first condition is set to such a condition of a fuel injection amount of a fuel injection valve and an opening degree of a throttle valve that an air excess ratio in a cylinder becomes greater than or equal to a prescribed value set as a value greater than 1.2 while satisfying a target output of an internal combustion engine. A second condition is set to such a condition of the fuel injection amount and the opening degree of the throttle valve that the air excess ratio in the cylinder becomes 1 or less while satisfying the target output of the internal combustion engine. A controller of the internal combustion engine is configured to obtain the first and second operating conditions that correspond to the target output, and select one of the operating conditions in accordance with the operating situation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A controller for a hydrogen engine controls a hydrogen engine including a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device installed in an exhaust passage and a urea addition valve that adds urea to exhaust gas flowing through a portion of the exhaust passage upstream of the SCR device. Processing circuitry of the controller executes a reduction process that causes a urea addition amount of the urea addition valve to be smaller when a urea deposition amount of the SCR device is greater than or equal to a prescribed value than when the urea deposition amount is less than the prescribed value. The processing circuitry executes a lean-burn limiting process that sets an air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture to be burned in the hydrogen engine to a value less than or equal to a prescribed lean-burn limiting value while the reduction process is reducing the urea addition amount.

Abstract: A controller is configured to control an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may execute multi-shot injection and single-shot injection and execute a deactivating process that stops supplying fuel to at least one of cylinders and supplies fuel to the remaining cylinders. The controller is configured to execute, when terminating the deactivating process to restart supplying fuel to a deactivated cylinder in which supply of fuel is stopped, a retarding process that executes a first fuel injection through the single-shot injection and retards a fuel injection start timing as compared to when executing the multi-shot injection.

Abstract: A tire comprises a tread portion comprising circumferential grooves and land portions divided thereby. The land portions include a first shoulder land portion and a first middle land portion adjacent thereto. The first shoulder land portion is provided with first shoulder sipes. The middle land portion is provided with first middle sipes. Each of the first shoulder sipes and the first middle sipes comprises a main portion extending in the tire radial direction, and a widened portion having a width greater than the main portion and opened at the tread surface of the land portion. The opening width of the first shoulder sipe at the tread surface is larger than the opening width of the first middle sipe at the tread surface.

Abstract: An amplifier is formed in a wiring layer. A semiconductor device includes a second layer over a first layer with a metal oxide therebetween. The first layer includes a first transistor including a first semiconductor layer containing silicon. The second layer includes an impedance matching circuit, and the impedance matching circuit includes a second transistor including a second semiconductor layer containing gallium. The first transistor forms first coupling capacitance between the first transistor and the metal oxide, and the impedance matching circuit forms second coupling capacitance between the impedance matching circuit and the metal oxide. The impedance matching circuit is electrically connected to the metal oxide through the second coupling capacitance. The metal oxide inhibits the influence of first radiation noise emitted from the impedance matching circuit on the operation of the first transistor.

Abstract: A novel semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a mixer circuit and a bias circuit. The mixer circuit includes a voltage-to-current conversion portion, a current switch portion, and a current-to-voltage conversion portion. The bias circuit includes a bias supply portion and a first transistor. The voltage-to-current conversion portion includes a second transistor and a third transistor. The bias supply portion has a function of outputting a bias voltage to be supplied to a gate of the second transistor and a gate of the third transistor. One of a source and a drain of the first transistor is electrically connected to the gate of the second transistor and the gate of the third transistor. The first transistor is turned off when the bias voltage is supplied, and the first transistor is turned on when the supply of the bias voltage is stopped.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection valve configured to inject hydrogen gas into the cylinder, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst located in an exhaust passage and configured to remove NOx, a urea water injection valve configured to inject urea water into the catalyst, a tank that stores urea water injected by the urea water injection valve, and a remaining amount detection sensor configured to detect a remaining amount of urea water stored in the tank. A controller for the internal combustion engine is configured to execute a restriction process that controls, when the remaining amount is less than a set value, an injection amount of hydrogen gas by the fuel injection valve such that an air excess ratio in the cylinder becomes greater than or equal to a specified excess ratio that is greater than 1.

Abstract: A first condition is set to such a condition of a fuel injection amount of a fuel injection valve and an opening degree of a throttle valve that an air excess ratio in a cylinder becomes greater than or equal to a prescribed value set as a value greater than 1.2 while satisfying a target output of an internal combustion engine. A second condition is set to such a condition of the fuel injection amount and the opening degree of the throttle valve that the air excess ratio in the cylinder becomes 1 or less while satisfying the target output of the internal combustion engine. A controller of the internal combustion engine is configured to obtain the first and second operating conditions that correspond to the target output, and select one of the operating conditions in accordance with the operating situation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially easily available hatching factor on Globodera pallida larvae, a control agent and a control method using the same.

Abstract: The vehicle control device executes: a stop process for stopping fuel supply to two cylinders to be stopped; and a selection process of selecting one cylinder to be a stop instruction for stopping fuel supply from among the cylinders to be stopped. The selection process is a process of selecting a cylinder whose compression top dead center appears earliest among the stop target cylinders. The crank angle interval from when the cylinder to be the stop instruction target is selected until the stop instruction target cylinder is switched to the next cylinder among the stop target cylinders is the stoppable angle interval. The stop instruction for the selected cylinder is received before the fuel injection start time and at the stoppable angle interval. The control device executes a retard process of retarding the fuel injection start timing so that the stoppable angle interval includes the fuel injection start timing.

Abstract: The vehicle control device executes: a stop process for stopping fuel supply to two cylinders to be stopped; and a selection process of selecting one cylinder to be a stop instruction for stopping fuel supply from among the cylinders to be stopped. The selection process is a process of selecting a cylinder whose compression top dead center appears earliest among the stop target cylinders. The crank angle interval from when the cylinder to be the stop instruction target is selected until the stop instruction target cylinder is switched to the next cylinder among the stop target cylinders is the stoppable angle interval. The stop instruction for the selected cylinder is received before the fuel injection start time and at the stoppable angle interval. The control device executes a retard process of retarding the fuel injection start timing so that the stoppable angle interval includes the fuel injection start timing.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage, a fuel injection valve that supplies fuel to a cylinder, and an ignition device. A controller controls a fuel injection amount of the fuel injection valve and an ignition timing of the ignition device. The controller executes a fuel supply process that supplies fuel of the internal combustion engine from the fuel injection valve to the catalyst and a correction process that corrects an amount of fuel supplied to the catalyst during the fuel supply process so that the catalyst is supplied with less fuel when the ignition timing is retarded than when the ignition timing is advanced.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage, a fuel injection valve that supplies fuel to a cylinder, and an ignition device. A controller controls a fuel injection amount of the fuel injection valve and an ignition timing of the ignition device. The controller executes a fuel supply process that supplies fuel of the internal combustion engine from the fuel injection valve to the catalyst and a correction process that corrects an amount of fuel supplied to the catalyst during the fuel supply process so that the catalyst is supplied with less fuel when the ignition timing is retarded than when the ignition timing is advanced.

Abstract: An ENG-ECU performs a specific cylinder fuel cutoff process of stopping combustion of an air-fuel mixture in some cylinders out of a plurality of cylinders of an internal combustion engine and a transmission process of transmitting engine operation information on execution of the specific cylinder fuel cutoff process to an HV-ECU. The HV-ECU performs a torque compensation process of compensating for a decrease in engine torque due to execution of the specific cylinder fuel cutoff process using an output torque of a second MG based on the received engine operation information. The ENG-ECU performs a process of starting the specific cylinder fuel cutoff process in a combustion cycle when a waiting time which includes a time until the HV-ECU receives the engine operation information has elapsed after the transmission process has been performed.

Abstract: A controller and a control method for a hybrid electric vehicle are provided. An internal combustion engine and a first rotating electric machine are capable of applying power to a driven wheel via a power split device. A deactivating process deactivates combustion control in a deactivated cylinder that corresponds to one or more of cylinders of the internal combustion engine. A first compensation process sets, when the deactivating process is executed, torque of the first rotating electric machine to be larger than torque of the first rotating electric machine obtained prior to starting the deactivating process so as to compensate for at least some of a decrease amount of torque of the internal combustion engine resulting from the deactivating process.

Abstract: When a temperature increasing process is performed, a CPU sets a target temperature of a catalyst to be lower when a coolant temperature is low than when the coolant temperature is high. The CPU decreases an increase coefficient of fuel in the temperature increasing process when a value obtained by subtracting an estimated value of a temperature of the catalyst from the target temperature is equal to or less than a first prescribed value.

Abstract: A controller is configured to control an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine can execute port injection and direct injection and can execute a deactivating process that stops supplying fuel to at least one of cylinders and supplies fuel to the remaining cylinders. The controller is configured to execute, when terminating the deactivating process to restart supplying fuel to a deactivated cylinder in which supply of fuel is stopped, a retarding process that executes a first fuel injection through the direct injection and retards a fuel injection start timing as compared to when executing the port injection.

Abstract: A controller is configured to control an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may execute multi-shot injection and single-shot injection and execute a deactivating process that stops supplying fuel to at least one of cylinders and supplies fuel to the remaining cylinders. The controller is configured to execute, when terminating the deactivating process to restart supplying fuel to a deactivated cylinder in which supply of fuel is stopped, a retarding process that executes a first fuel injection through the single-shot injection and retards a fuel injection start timing as compared to when executing the multi-shot injection.

Abstract: A controller for a vehicle is provided. An air supply passage is connected to a portion upstream of a filter in an exhaust passage. An air supplying process supplies air to the filter through an air supply passage by driving an air pump. An oxygen supplying process supplies oxygen to the filter through the exhaust passage, the oxygen having been passed through a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A reducing process sets an air supply amount per unit time in the air supplying process obtained when the oxygen supplying process and the air supplying process are simultaneously executed to be lower than the air supply amount per unit time in the air supplying process obtained when the oxygen supplying process and the air supplying process are not simultaneously executed.